background and aim: speech understanding almost never occurs in silence. verbal communication often occurs in environments where multiple speakers are talking. in such environments, babbling noise masks speech comprehension. consonants, in comparison to vowels, are more sensitive to noise masking. consonants provide most acoustic information needed for comprehending the meaning of the word. sin...

We study the combined impact of a colored environmental noise and demographic noise on the extinction risk of a long-lived and well-mixed isolated stochastic population which exhibits the Allee effect. The environmental noise modulates the population birth and death rates. Assuming that the Allee effect is strong, and the environmental noise is positively correlated and Gaussian, we derive a Fo...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Traffic noise disturbs sleep and may impair recuperation. There is limited information on single and combined effects of air, road, and rail traffic noise on sleep and recuperation. DESIGN Repeated measures. SETTING Polysomnographic laboratory study. PARTICIPANTS 72 healthy subjects, mean ± standard deviation 40 ± 13 years, range 18-71 years, 32 male. INTERVENTIONS Expos...