Abstract This article analyses the ratification of international commercial law conventions. The Convention for International Sale Goods (CISG) is almost 40 years old. In 2012, Switzerland proposed to United Nations Commission on Trade Law (UNCITRAL) evaluate CISG and assess whether there was need a new convention. While UNCITRAL decided not pursue this further, questions that raised remain per...

272 * Attiya Waris is an Assistant Lecturer, Department of Commercial Law, School of Law of the University of Nairobi in Kenya. She holds two Masters of Laws one in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa from the University of Pretoria in South Africa and another in Business and Commercial Law from the University of London. She holds an Undergraduate Law degree from the University of Nairob...

Beginning almost two decades ago, I wrote a series of law review articles about the nature of legal proof in the context of probabilistic evidence or analysis. In these articles, I explored, in passing, some of the differences between the legal system’s concept of proof of facts, especially in the context of civil litigation, and the same subject as seen by scientists, especially those analyzin...

We are accustomed to thinking of corporate stock primarily as property, and of stockholders, particularly minority stockholders, as free agents in the exercise of their rights as property owners. The purpose of this article is to show that there are situations in which minority shareholders, like other holders of contract and property rights, may be obligated when exercising their rights as own...

ions: the law initially defines llrightsll in terms 0 f concrete objects and ordinary human actions , but these rights are then treated as llobjects I1 themselves, and made subject to further human llactionsll ; by repeating this process of reification many times, a complex body of commercial law can be developed. Because of their technical complexity, the legal rules at the top levels of this ...