in this paper we study the existence of commuting regular elements, verifying the notion left (right) commuting regular elements and its properties in the groupoid g(n) . also we show that g(n) contains commuting regular subsemigroup and give a necessary and sucient condition for the groupoid g(n) to be commuting regular.

Key words for the sustainable mobility policy of Wageningen University & Research (WUR) are: safe, healthy, sustainable, accessible, emission reduction and future-focused. WUR has three key elements, in following order importance: 1) less travel, 2) transition to modes transport, 3) efficient, clean transport. The objective is further decrease our annual carbon emissions by at least 2%. WUR...

This paper presents a fixed-point model for studying the morning commuting behavior in stochastic and time-dependent transport networks. The model considers the network uncertainty caused by supply and demand variations as well as the commuters’ perception errors on travel disutility. A new performance index called schedule reliability, i.e., the probability that commuters can arrive at destina...

Six explanations for differences in worktrips between men and women and among different groups of women workers are reviewed in this paper. The first argues that women’s secondary role in the labor force and the dual roles women assume (combining paid work with domestic responsibilities) reinforce their resistance to long worktrips. The second explanation is that women’s economic returns to com...

Active school travel is in decline. An understanding of the potential determinants of health-enhancing physical activity during the school commute may help to inform interventions aimed at reversing these trends. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical environmental factors associated with health-enhancing physical activity during the school commute. Data were collected in 2009 o...

In many studies travel behaviour (for example, commuting) is analysed on the basis of a utility function with the distance travelled (d) as one of the arguments. An example is U=U(d,Y-cd,T-td), This standard approach is not without problems, however, since it ignores the fundamental fact that most transport has a derived character: travelling kilometres is not an activity that gives utility per...

This study investigates how the use of sustainable transport modes relates to travel satisfaction (general evaluation travel) and affect (emotions during in car-dependent compact cities. Thereby, provides evidence on mobility travel-related well-being a context urban form but inadequate provisions for public transport, walking, cycling. A mixed-methods approach was applied comprising quantitati...

Studies that develop estimates of the value of travel time savings (VTTS) for car travel typically assume that the VTTS of the driver is the only relevant measure of the worth of time savings. Although there is a recogntion that the presence of passenger’s may condition the driver’s choice of route and VTTS, the evidence is somewhat limited on the impact that the number of passengers has on the...

BACKGROUND Modifying transport infrastructure to support active travel (walking and cycling) could help to increase population levels of physical activity. However, there is limited evidence for the effects of interventions in this field, and to the best of our knowledge no study has convincingly demonstrated an increase in physical activity directly attributable to this type of intervention. W...

‎Let $G$ be a finite non-abelian group with center $Z(G)$‎. ‎The non-commuting graph of $G$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $Gsetminus Z(G)$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy ne yx$‎. ‎In this paper‎, we compute Laplacian energy of the non-commuting graphs of some classes of finite non-abelian groups‎..