Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research su...

To cite: Kose O, Ozyurek S, Guler F, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013009426 DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old girl sustained an injury to her right knee during sliding on the playground. Immediately after the injury, she felt a sharp pain in her knee and she was unable to walk. On physical examination there was marked knee effusion without ecchym...

This paper presents a new analysis of the physics of closed head injury caused by intense acceleration of the head. At rest a 1 cm gap filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) separates the human brain from the skull. During impact whole head acceleration induces artificial gravity within the skull. Because its density differs slightly from that of CSF, the brain accelerates, strikes the inner asp...

Mechanical stress that arises due to deformation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) either stretches or compresses cells. The cellular response to stretching has been actively studied. For example, stretching induces phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) via the RhoA/RhoA-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, resulting in increased cellular tension. In contrast, the eff...

A Bayesian compressive sensing framework is developed for video reconstruction based on the color coded aperture compressive temporal imaging (CACTI) system. By exploiting the three dimension (3D) tree structure of the wavelet and Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) coefficients, a Bayesian compressive sensing inversion algorithm is derived to reconstruct (up to 22) color video frames from a s...

Compressive sensing (CS) is a framework in which one attempts to measure a signal in a compressive mode, implying that fewer total measurements are required vis-à-vis direct sampling methods. Compressive sensing exploits the fact that the signal of interest is compressible in some basis, and the CS measurements correspond to projections (typically random projections) performed on the basisfunct...

The deep core muscles are often neglected or improperly trained in athletes. Improper function of this musculature may lead to abnormal spinal loading, muscle strain, or injury to spinal structures, all of which have been associated with increased low back pain (LBP) risk. The purpose of this study was to identify potential strategies used to compensate for weakness of the deep core musculature...

Measurements are reported for the compressive response of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibres and laminated composites loaded along the fibre direction. The compressive strength of the fibres was measured by both recoil tests and knot (or bend) tests. The strength of the fibres is governed by micro-kinking of the fibrils within the fibres. The recoil tests suggest that this...