We investigate the interaction and distribution of defects in doped non-stoichometric ceria Ce1-xRExO2-x/2-δ (with RE = Lu, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, and La) by combining DFT+U calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. The concentrated solution of defects in ceria is described by the pair interactions of dopant ions, oxygen vacancies, and small polarons. The calculated interaction energies for polarons an...

The theory of the electrolyte permeability of mosaic membranes composed of ideally anion-selective and ideally cation-selective parts in juxtaposition is tested in a model which consists of an all-electrolytic cyclic arrangement of four component parts: dilute solution/anion-selective membrane/concentrated solution/cation-selective membrane/dilute solution. In this system cations move from the ...

OBJECTIVE We explore differences in the prevalence of asthma and other respiratory diseases at the neighborhood level. In addition to traditional metrics of neighborhood structure (e.g., concentrated disadvantage, residential stability), we incorporate residents' evaluations of neighborhood context. We examine the extent to which indicators such as disorder (observable signs of physical and soc...

This study links police records, vital statistics, census data, and an original survey of 8,872 Chicago residents to assess an integrated theoretical perspective on neighborhood-level variations in homicide. We highlight two neglected dimensions of neighborhood context – social processes and spatial interdependence. Structural characteristics in 1990 and survey measures from 1995 are used to mo...

Freeze concentration freezes or crystallises the water molecules out as ice crystals and leaves behind a highly concentrated solution. In conventional suspension freeze concentration where ice crystals formed as a suspension in the mother liquor, separation of ice is difficult. The size of the ice crystals is still very limited which will require usage of scraped surface heat exchangers, which ...

Block copolymer self-assembly is normally conducted via post-polymerization processing at high dilution. In the case of block copolymer vesicles (or "polymersomes"), this approach normally leads to relatively broad size distributions, which is problematic for many potential applications. Herein we report the rational synthesis of low-polydispersity diblock copolymer vesicles in concentrated sol...

Phase selective gelation (PSG) of organic phases from their non-miscible mixtures with water was achieved using tetrapeptides bearing a side-chain azobenzene moiety. The presence of the chromophore allowed PSG at the same concentration as the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) necessary to obtain the gels in pure organic phases. Remarkably, the presence of the water phase during PSG did not i...

CONTEXT Little research has investigated possible effects of neighborhood residence on mental health problems in children such as depression, anxiety, and withdrawal. OBJECTIVE To examine whether children's mental health is associated with neighborhood structural characteristics (concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, and residential stability) and whether neighborhood social pro...

This paper examines the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on racial disparities in ovarian cancer-specific survival. Despite treatment advances for ovarian cancer, survival remains shorter for African-American compared to White women. Neighborhood disadvantage is implicated in racial disparities across a variety of health outcomes and may contribute to racial disparities in ovarian cancer-spe...

Background and aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iran. Although there are many different treatments for this disease, there is not any effective treatment yet. Since there has been a number of different reports on the effectiveness of Cassia fistula plant in the treatment of leishmaniasis, the efficacy of concentrated boiled extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Cassi...