The concentrating and diluting mechanisms of the normal kidney contribute in an impressive manner to the defense of water economy. In health, a given amount of solute may be excreted in a widely varying volume of water which is determined under most circumstances by the water needs of the organism. This ability to regulate the osmolality of the urine accounts for a range of urine concentrations...

A control algorithm for batch processing of mixed waste is proposed based on conditional Gaussian Bayesian networks. The network is compiled during batch staging for real-time re­ sponse to sensor input.

The accumulation of inorganic carbon from seawater by eukaryotic marine phytoplankton is limited by the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water and the dehydration kinetics of bicarbonate to CO2 and by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase's (RubisCO) low affinity for its inorganic carbon substrate, CO2. Nearly all marine phytoplankton have adapted to these limitations and evolved ...

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to renewable energy. In accordance with its Statute, IRENA's objective is to "promote the widespread and increased adoption and the sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy". This concerns all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner and includes bioenergy, geo...

Many aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms possess inducible CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that allow them to optimize carbon acquisition in environments with frequently changing and often limiting CO2 concentrations. The CCMs function by accumulation of a large quantity of intracellular inorganic carbon (Ci) through concerted Ci uptake systems and enzymes catalyzing the interconversion b...

THE BEPOBT of Crandell, 1 at first rather neglected, and the later more insistent work of Mazze ~ have shown that methoxyflurane can cause a loss of renal concentrating power. Inorganic fluoride ions released in the breakdown of methoxyflurane appear to cause renal tubular damage though the levels of fluoride ion associated with renal toxicity have been thought to be higher than those associate...

If two separated observers are supplied with entanglement, in the form of n pairs of particles in identical partly-entangled pure states, one member of each pair being given to each observer; they can, by local actions of each observer, concentrate this entanglement into a smaller number of maximally-entangled pairs of particles, for example EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen singlets, similarly shared bet...