Abstract Objective ImPACT is commonly used for sport-concussion management. Baseline and post-concussion tests serve as within-athlete comparisons return-to-play decision-making. Previous literature has questioned whether ImPACT’s five composites accurately represent the internal structure of its cognitive scores. A recent alternative four-factor strong confirmatory evidence baseline scores (Ma...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of lifelong disability and death worldwide. Sport-related traumatic brain injury is an important public health concern. The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of sport-related concussions. Concussion refers to a transient alteration in consciousness induced by external biomechanical forces transmitted directly or indirectly to th...

Self-report post-concussion symptom scales have been a key method for monitoring recovery from sport-related concussion, to assist in medical management, and return-to-play decision-making. To date, however, item selection and scaling metrics for these instruments have been based solely upon clinical judgment, and no one scale has been identified as the "gold standard". We analyzed a large set ...

OBJECTIVES To prospectively examine the relationship of sport-related concussion with depression and neurocognitive performance and symptoms among male and female high school and college athletes. A secondary objective was to explore age and sex differences. DESIGN Pretest, multiple posttest, repeated-measures design. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS High school and collegiate athletes (N...

Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines can facilitate proper evaluation and management of concussions in the emergency department (ED), often the initial and primary point of contact for concussion care. There is no universally adopted set of guidelines for concussion management, and extant evidence suggests that there may be variability in concussion care practices and limited application...

OBJECTIVE: To present a new approach in the evaluation and management of concussion from the athletic trainer's perspective. BACKGROUND: The evaluation and management of concussion continues to be a controversial topic among sports medicine professionals. Inconsistent management, lack of objective data, and confusion concerning assessment techniques may lead to inappropriate decisions regarding...

In contrast to the ‘whole picture’ described by Salman Rushdie, the media attention that concussion is currently receiving resembles a series of ‘pixels’. Not only journalists but coaches, athletes, parents and even medical colleagues often appear to focus on only one facet of the intricate picture that makes up the composite concussion portrait. Examples of ‘pixels’ include computerised cognit...

Athletic concussion is a growing focus of attention for pediatricians. Although numerous literature reviews and clinical guidelines are now available pertaining to athletic concussion, few have focused on the pediatric athlete in particular. Sport-related concussions occur relatively frequently in children and adolescents, and primary health care providers are often responsible for coordinating...

Concussion from sport is increasingly recognized as a public health priority. In response, all states and the District of Columbia have enacted youth concussion legislation. This paper first examines key developments in concussion-related policy and legislation and then uses the findings from recent scientific studies to highlight the need to incorporate evolving scientific evidence into concus...

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with damage to frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Post-concussion syndrome has been used to describe a range of residual symptoms that persist 12 months or more after the injury, often despite a lack of evidence of brain abnormalities on MRI and CT scans. The core deficits of post-concussion syndrome are similar to those of ADHD and mood disord...