Maps serve as a ubiquitous organizing principle in the mammalian brain. In several sensory systems, such as audition, vision, and somatosensation, topographic maps are evident throughout multiple levels of brain pathways. Topographic maps, like retinotopy and tonotopy, persist from the receptor surface up to the cortex. Other maps, such as those of orientation preference in the visual cortex, a...

the near field ground motions have a high amplitude pulse like at the beginning of the seismogram which are significantly influenced by the rupture mechanism and direction of rupture propagation. this type of ground motion cause higher demands for engineering structures and its response spectrum is dramatically different than far field spectra. tabriz is one of the ancient cities in azerbaijan ...

This work is part of a bigger project that aims to vectorize maps [1]. At first, we were restricted to topographic maps, afterwards we got interested in other kind of maps (architectural, electrical... ). We include a brief explanation of the global system and then focus on the problem of locating and recognizing characters present on the map. For character location, we use some information fro...

Analyses are the power point of GIS because can process and analyze different data such as spatial attribute data, leading to obtaining new results for supporting decision-makers. This research aims study two types advanced analyses include; topographic hydrologic western part Karbala in Iraq using GIS. The analysis know surface terrain obtain digital maps that show simulation area based on som...

A blind watermarking method for the copyright protection of sets of polygonal lines in vector graphics images and GIS data (elevation contour maps) is presented in this paper. The paper focuses mainly on the use of simple fusion rules for combining the detector outputs from each polygonal line in order to come up with a global detection result. Experimental comparison of the various fusion meth...

Building boundary lines are important spatial features that characterize the topographic maps and three-dimensional (3D) city models. Airborne LiDAR Point clouds provide adequate 3D spatial information for building boundary mapping. However, information of boundary features contained in point clouds is implicit. This study focuses on developing an automatic algorithm of building boundary line e...

Regional scale geological maps are still not available for many remote parts of the Earth. All geological maps contain two fundamental pieces of information: a) lithological data: a list of the various rock types present, and b) structural data: geometrical information that describes the spatial relationships of the various rock units. For the purposes of regional scale geological mapping the s...