Left ventricular fibrosis occurs in congenital aortic stenosis. To investigate whether fibrosis is greatest in the subendocardial region, where there is presumably decreased blood flow relative to the subepicardial region, as shown in animal experiments, and whether the distribution of fibrosis in aortic stenosis differs from that in another afterload lesion with less limitation of myocardial b...

Vestibular stenosis is an uncommon but debilitating cause of nasal obstruction leading to serious impairment airway. It caused by granulation and fibrosis vestibular lining there circumferential scar retraction in the inlet cavities. Stenosis may be congenital or acquired. Causes acquired include burns, trauma, infections, iatrogenic insult vestibule. Surgical correction usually done excision f...

S ynergistic divergence is a well-established clinical condition in which abduction arises on attempted adduction, leading to simultaneous abduction of both eyes on lateral gaze. Synergistic divergence can occur as an extreme form of Duane syndrome, where most if not all oculomotor nerve branch fibers originally directed to the medial rectus muscle innervate the lateral rectus muscle. Synergist...

A 10-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis (CF) (DeltaF508/G551D mutation) underwent an uneventful elective interval laparoscopic appendectomy. During routine laparoscopic inspection of the abdomen and groins, congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens was noted. Pictures of the patient's internal inguinal ring noted at time of laparoscopy are presented and compared with a similar-aged patien...

In about half of the cases of bronchiectasis, the etiology is unproven. However there are a number of causes that merit attention. Diffuse bronchiectasis may be due to post-infectious, immunodeficiency and congenital causes. Bacteria (pertussis), virus (adenovirus, measles) and fungi (Aspergillusfumigatus, Histoplasmacapsulatum) are post-infectious causes. Tuberculosis is an important etiology ...

This paper describes a case of Caroli's disease in a female patient aged 32, who complained of nonspecific abdominal pain without cholesthasis or cholangitis. Liver resonance shows segment saccular dilations closely connected to intrahepatic biliary ducts, that differ from the Caroli's syndrome, which is more common and consists of multiple intrahepatic cystic dilatations, associated to congeni...

With the advancement of ophthalmological genetics, the molecular basis for more and more eye diseases can be elucidated. Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscle (CFEOM) is an example. It is characterised by a congenital non-progressive restrictive ophthalmoplegia and ptosis. It is an autosomal dominant disease, caused by mutations of the KIF21A gene. With positive family history and typical o...