A mild and efficient stereoselective synthesis of hexacyclic indole alkaloids with a tetrahydro-β-carboline motif has been developed by utilizing the Pictet-Spengler reaction and tandem N-acylation followed by intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization. Initially, a diene unit was installed in the tetrahedron β-carboline skeleton through Pictet-Spengler cyclization of the corresponding aldehyde wit...

Low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation may provide the crucial link between plasma LDL and atherosclerotic-lesion formation. Oxidation can be induced in vitro by incubating LDL with cells or metal ions and can be measured by continuously monitoring conjugated-diene absorbance at 234 nm. Measurement of LDL oxidizability was improved by performing the assay with 0.05 g of LDL-protein per liter o...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of acid whey and freeze-dried cranberries on the physicochemical characteristics, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of nitrite-free fermented sausage made from deer meat and pork fat. Antioxidant interactions between acid whey and cranberry compounds were also explored. METHODS Four formulations of fermented venison sausage were prepared: F1 ...

The presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipid biomarker (diene II) in Southern Ocean sediments has previously been proposed as a proxy measure of palaeo Antarctic sea ice. Here we show that a source of diene II is the sympagic diatom Berkeleya adeliensis Medlin. Furthermore, the propensity for B. adeliensis to flourish in platelet ice is reflected by an offshore downwa...

diels–alder [2+4] cycloaddition products of the reaction between c20 and c4h4x2 or c2o2x2 (x = h, f, cl, ch3, nh2, no2, and oh) were studied atb3lyp level of theory with 6-31g, 6-31g(d, p) and 6-311g(d, p) basis sets. the homo–lumo gaps of kohn–sham orbitals for most of the adducts show evident increase compared with the gap value of c20, suggestive of more stability in the adducts. the thermod...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate short-term effects aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 100 µg/kg feed) and sterigmatocystin (STC 1000 μg/kg exposure individually in combination (100 μg AFB1 + STC/kg on parameters lipid peroxidation glutathione redox system both biochemical gene expression levels one-year-old common carp. Lipid were slightly affected, as significant differences observed only conjugated ...

Recently octocoral-derived marine prostanoids, clavulones 1) (claviridenones) 2) and their halogenated congeners, 3) have received much interest owing to their unique structural features and great antitumor activities. 3a,c,d,4) During our continuing investigations on marine prostanoids from the Japanese stolonifer Clavularia viridis Quoy and Gaimard from which clavulones and their halogenated ...