The use of the term 'expert' occurs widely in healthcare research, in the context of national guidelines and consensus methods for the development of clinical protocols. Within consensus methods of research, especially Delphi panel techniques, the use of 'experts' is fundamental to reliability. Yet literature fails to debate the practicalities of defining 'experts' for use within Delphi panel r...

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This paper integrates the premise that current software level practices within the aerospace industry are weak and that there is a lack of rigour in both technical and managerial areas. Results from a survey of practitioners are presented that indicate a lack of information interchange exists and that the use of formal techniques is limited. The paper proposes that this is indicative of poor li...

This article presents industrial experience of applying the B formal method in the industry, on diverse application fields (railways, automotive, smartcard, etc.). If the added value of such an approach has been demonstrated over the year, using a formal method is not the panacea and requires some precautions when introduced in an industrial development cycle.

A critical issue in the design of a professional software engineeringdegree program is the way in which formal methods are integrated into the curriculum. The approach taken by most programs is to teach formal techniques for software development in a separate course on formal methods. In this paper we detail some of the problems with that approach and describe an alternative in which formal met...

The demands placed on programmers by the needs of safety-critical systems mandate the use of formal methods, supported by an integrated toolkit, throughout software development. Many formal speciication, design and veriication techniques have been proposed in the past. As the next step in the maturation of these techniques we are aiming to integrate previously disparate methods. Our overall met...