Parallel heat flux in a steady-state SOL is determined via fully kinetic simulations using the 1d3v particle-in-cell code PARASOL. In order to better evaluate the heat load on the divertor plates, the ion and electron velocity distributions functions (VDF), heat flux, and heat flux limiters αi and αe are calculated. The effects of collisionality, recycling rate, ion-electron mass ratio, and sou...

the paper aims at investigating the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the steady two-dimensional laminar flow of viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-darcian porous medium. the radiative heat flux is assumed to follow rosseland approximation. the governing equations of momentum, angular momentum, energy, ...

NOTATION A 'Effective area' in Boussinesq ventilation model, see eqn (24) ,4 'Effective area' in non-Boussinesq ventilation model, see eqn (28) A I Area of floor covered by base of fire a Area of vent B Plume buoyancy flux b Plume radius c r Specific heat capacity at constant pressure D Diameter of fire source d Upper-layer depth F Scaled density deficit, a conserved quantity with units of buoy...

Using a high sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter in isothermal mode, we directly measured heat production in eukaryotic protists from 5 phyla spanning over 5 orders of magnitude in carbon biomass and 8 orders of magnitude in cell volume. Our results reveal that metabolic heat production normalized to cell mass is virtually constant in these organisms, with a median of 0.037 pW pg C(-1...

B = Einstein absorption coefficient E = total energy, P ns s s es 12 uiui , J=m g = electronic state degeneracy H = shape factor, = , dimensionless h = specific enthalpy, J=kg h = Planck’s constant h = enthalpy of formation, J=kg I = radiative intensity,W=cm-sr J = diffusive mass flux, kg=m s Le = Lewis number, dimensionless M = Mach number, dimensionless n = number density, m 3 p = pressure, P...

in this paper the numerical analysis of flow and time dependent heat transfer of micro-tube conveying nanofluid in laminar flow is investigated. in this study, convection heat transfer of nanofluid and base fluid and transient analysis for time-varying heat flux for time step of 0.0001 second are elucidated. it is observed that the pumping power of nanofluid flowing and the maximum temperature ...