The review of the constitution emanates from constitution, institute constitutional which latter is closely related to dynamic processes in society as well with demand for sustainable stability, stability very it may be economic, political or social, national international, that affects even order itself a state. In this article, we will address changes, amendments over years Turkey and Russia ...

In order to fulfill the administrative requirements of military regime, General Pervaiz Musharraf (1999-2008) transformed parliamentary form government as originally provided by 1973 Constitution Pakistan into a quasi-presidential system. Afterwards, Peoples’ Party (PPP) tried revive constitution in its original form. During term five years, it not only successfully incorporated 18th, 19th, and...

The research provides a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional reforms that took place from 2020 till 2022 in Russian Federation, Republic Belarus and Kazakhstan. paper formulates author’s assessments conclusions, look at transformations Constitutions Russia, Kazakhstan through identification common specific aspects arrangement these states based on following criteria: purpose reform;...

"All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills." U.S. Const. art. I, § 7, cl. 1 (Origination Clause). "As we have often noted, '[c]onstitutional rights would be of little value if they could be . . . indirectly denied.'" United States Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779, 829 (1995) Th...

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 19901 ("Amendments") transform the federal statute which regulates air pollution into a behe-moth of over 700 pages in length. The Amendments add substantial new requirements to the Clean Air Act of 1970,2 as previously amended in 1977. 3 Even a cursory review of the Amendments demonstrates that their requirements will affect the cost and availability of many con...

Abstract Indonesia enacted a controversial ‘Omnibus Law’ on Job Creation in late 2020, and its implementing regulations followed February 2021. This Law, particularly the labour cluster of amendments within it, has been linked to Indonesia's recent ‘democratic decline’ or ‘illiberal turn’. Many reduce worker protections with aim producing more flexible market. While it is these obvious favour e...

Public expenditures and revenues included annually in the budget act are result of public choices made their constitutive dimension during legislative process. The choice theory, particular its current trend regarding constitutional economics, indicates need to define rules within framework made. In Polish Constitution, with regard Senate stage process, establishment these amounts a single prov...

In the New Nation case, Constitutional Court declared provisions of Electoral Act that prevent independent candidates from competing in provincial and national elections unconstitutional. It ruled impugned violated candidates' constitutional rights to stand for public office, freedom association dignity. a minority judgment, Froneman J disagreed held Constitution contemplates right contest as p...

A constitution forms the foundation of the virtually all governments around the world. A surprisingly large number of constitutions change each year. On average, 30 constitutions are amended and 5 are completely replaced each year. Despite this level of change, no country changes its constitution often enough for the country’s officials to gain much experience as constitutional drafters. In ord...