The existence of traveling waves in strongly inhomogeneous media is discussed in the framework of the one-dimensional linear wave equation with a variable speed. Such solutions are found by using a homogenization, when the variable-coefficient wave equation transforms to a constant-coefficient Klein-Gordon equation. This transformation exists if and only if the spatial variations of the variabl...

The authors present a variation of the constraint orthogonalization method proposed by Kim and Vanderploeg [1] for constrained multibody systems. Firstly the theoretical bases of the QTZ decomposition are presented, then it is reported how to apply this methodology to reduce the constraints number and define the independent velocities. A section is dedicated to three different solution methods ...

the natural frequency and pull-in instability of clamped-clamped nano-actuators in the presence of a dielectric layer are analyzed. the influence of the presence of casimir force, electrostatic force, fringing field effect, axial force, stretching effects and the size effect are taken into account. the governing equation of the dynamic response of the actuator is transformed in a non-dimensiona...

The reduced Ostrovsky equation is a modification of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, in which the usual linear dispersive term with a third-order derivative is replaced by a linear non-local integral term, which represents the effect of background rotation. This equation is integrable provided a certain curvature constraint is satisfied. We demonstrate, through theoretical analysis and numerical...

this paper studied the mathematical method of flow with regard to two-phase boundary layer that created over the iced surface. based on experimental results, skin drag over the iced surface compared with this force that compute with slip condition. based on this results, for iced surface blasius equation solving at non-slip condition, can replace with solving the blasius equation with slip cond...

We present and numerically solve a modified form of the equation of motion for a charged particle under the influence of an external force, taking into account the radiation reaction. This covariant equation is integro-differential, as Dirac-Röhrlich's, but has several technical improvements. First, the equation has the form of Newton's second law, with acceleration isolated on the left hand si...

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximation of the isothermal Euler equations for charged particles subject to the Lorentz force (the ’Euler-Lorentz’ system). When the magnetic field is large, or equivalently, when the parameter ε representing the non-dimensional ion cyclotron frequency tends to zero, the so-called drift-fluid (or gyrofluid) approximation is obtained. In this limit...

There is a whole range of emergent phenomena in a complex network such as robustness, adaptiveness, multiple-equilibrium, hysteresis, oscillation and feedback. Those non-equilibrium behaviours can often be described by a set of stochastic differential equations. One persistent important question is the existence of a potential function. Here we demonstrate that a dynamical structure built into ...

“synopsis and explainer” methodological discussion has been reflexed, in literary domain, as stipulation and constraint; but synopsis explanation seems being different to what happens in methodology because sometimes the meanings of lexical items and combinations are given on individual, probabilistic, and untrustworthy interpretations. present paper, applying few lines of nasser khosrow’s seco...

in this paper it is attempted to investigate the behavior of an inviscid flow in the meridional plane of an axial flow compressor. for this purpose the 3-d unsteady euler equations in cylindrical coordinate are averaged in tangential direction. therefore, the equations are reduced to a 2-d system. by averaging the tangential component of momentum equation, a blade force will result. axial and r...