Diverse tree structures such as blood vessels, branches of a tree and river basins exist in nature. The constructal law states that the evolution of flow structures in nature has a tendency to facilitate flow. This study suggests a theoretical basis for evaluation of flow facilitation within vascular structure from the perspective of evolution. A novel evolution parameter (Ev) is proposed to qu...

Here, we show that vascular design emerges naturally when a volume is bathed by a single stream in turbulent flow. The stream enters the volume, spreads itself to bathe the volume, and then reconstitutes itself as a single stream before it exits the volume. We show that in the pursuit of a smaller global flow resistance and larger volumes, the flow architecture changes stepwise from a stack of ...

Biomimetics is a school of design based on taking inspiration from nature to solve complex problems. This done with the assumption that natural world already has solutions many engineering problems have been refined through trial and error—an example constructal law. In this study, biomimicry used investigate impact shape an extended surface for mixed convection cooling within context cavity pr...

This is a review of the concepts purpose, direction, and objective in discipline thermodynamics, which pillar physics, natural sciences, life science, engineering science. Reviewed relentless evolution this toward accounting for evolutionary design with establishing concept purpose methodologies modeling, analysis, teaching, optimization. Evolution change after flow access, direction time, purp...