We prove that the local search optimization problem TSP 2Opt |though not known to be PLS-complete|shares an important infeasibility property with other PLS-complete sets.

Anchoring effects--the assimilation of a numeric estimate to a previously considered standard--are typically described as very robust and persistent. Based on the assumption that judgmental anchoring involves a hypothesis-testing process in which judges actively seek and generate judgment-relevant target knowledge, it was assumed that anchoring effects might at the same time be fairly malleable...

This paper aims to find a proper security notion for commitment schemes to give a sound computational interpretation of symbolic commitments. We introduce an indistinguishability based security definition of commitment schemes that is equivalent to non-malleability with respect to commitment. Then, we give a construction using tag-based encryption and one-time signatures that is provably secure...

This paper continues the study of password-based protocols for authenticated key exchange (AKE). In 2000, Bellare, Pointcheval, and Rogaway [2] proposed the formal model on AKE. In this paper, we propose the new security notions on AKE, based on the non-malleability of session keys. Then we prove that this security notion is equivalent to that proposed in [2]. Furthermore, we show that there is...

We study relations among various notions of complete nonmalleability, where an adversary can tamper with both ciphertexts and public-keys, and ciphertext indistinguishability. We follow the pattern of relations previously established for standard non-malleability. To this end, we propose a more convenient and conceptually simpler indistinguishability-based security model to analyse completely n...

Model coupling is a well-known method employed to simulate complex multiphysics and multiscale phenomena. Approaches have concentrated on coupling parallel models involving static data distribution among processes without the consideration of top-level dynamic load balancing. Malleability, the ability to change during execution the number of processes in an application, allows applications to c...

Beliefs that individuals hold about whether emotions are malleable or fixed, also referred to as emotion malleability beliefs, may play a crucial role in individuals' emotional experiences and their engagement in changing their emotions. The current review integrates affective science and clinical science perspectives to provide a comprehensive review of how emotion malleability beliefs relate ...

How do Whites approach interracial interactions? We argue that a previously unexamined factor-beliefs about the malleability of racial bias-guides Whites' strategies for difficult interracial interactions. We predicted and found that those who believe racial bias is malleable favor learning-oriented strategies such as taking the other person's perspective and trying to learn why an interaction ...