abstract the main aim of the paper is to determine the marketing efficiency of poultry industry in karaj. in this research the marketing margin and the marketing efficiency of poultry market in different level of the market in karaj was calculated. the results showed that slaughter houses gain the main part of marketing margin and marking profit. the share of slaughter house was more that 50 pe...

Applying ‘green’ accounting to value the commercial contribution and depletion of a forest is only a short-run variation of the traditional approach to net national product (NNP) and arguably provides less information. Green adjustments can make a vital difference, however, by introducing nonmarketed values. Since optimal NNP is the linearized Hamiltonian, values are taken at the margin and exc...

The usual decomposition of effects in corner solution models into extensive and intensive margins is generally incompatible with a causal interpretation. This paper proposes a decomposition based on the joint distribution of potential outcomes which is meaningful in a causal sense. The difference between decompositions can be substantial and yield diametrically opposed results, as shown in a st...

We consider a supply chain with a single manufacturer selling a single product through two competing retailers. The manufacturer sets the wholesale price, and the retailers set the retail margin, simultaneously. The demand information among the members is asymmetric. The main contribution of this paper is extended the results of [5] with two competing retailers under asymmetric demand informati...

Often democracy is defeated by democratically elected leaders who pursue undemocratic policies. The present contribution seeks to explain how information can a¤ect the danger of incompetent or populist politicians being elected into o¢ ce. It is shown with the help of a voting model that both the proportion of informed voters in a society and the state of the economy matter for determining who ...

This paper investigates statistical performances of Support Vector Machines (SVM) and considers the problem of adaptation to the margin parameter and to complexity. In particular we provide a classifier with no tuning parameter. It is a combination of SVM classifiers. Our contribution is two-fold: (1) we propose learning rates for SVM using Sobolev spaces and build a numerically realizable aggr...

INTRODUCTION overall relief greater than 400 m. It is a major component of the Laurentian Great Lakes catchment area draining The Lake Huron basin (Huron basin), which includes via the St. Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean (Figs 1 Georgian Bay and the Nipissing lowland to the northeast, and 2). The Huron basin presently receives inflow from extends 500 km north-south and 450 km east-west wit...

The country between Arthur'~ Lakes and the Lake HiveI' shown on Plate IV is drained in the western part by Tumbledown Creek and .Tones Rivulet which flow into the Eastern Lake, and in the eastern by the tributaries of the Lab' River. The escarpment of the Western Tiers marks the eastem margin of the Central Plateau of Tasmania. Mapping was carried out with the assistance of aerial photographs a...

This paper addresses the problem of predicting how adequate a machine translation is for gisting purposes. It focuses on the contribution of lexicalised features based on different types of topic models, as we believe these features are more robust than those used in previous work, which depend on linguistic processors that are often unreliable on automatic translations. Experiments with a numb...

Boosting methods are known to improve generalization performances of learning algorithms reducing both bias and variance or enlarging the margin of the resulting multi-classifier system. In this contribution we applied Adaboost to the discrimination of different types of coffee using data produced with an Electronic Nose. Two groups of coffees (blends and monovarieties), consisting of seven cla...