Saturn's giant moon Titan has a thick (1.5 bar) nitrogen atmosphere, which has a temperature structure that is controlled by the absorption of solar and thermal radiation by methane, hydrogen, and organic aerosols into which methane is irreversibly converted by photolysis. Previous studies of Titan's climate evolution have been done with the assumption that the methane abundance was maintained ...

introduction It is well known to the scientific community that the spectral properties of the gases that make up the Earth’s atmosphere play a major role in determining the environment in which we live. For example, the temperature at the Earth’s surface is determined by the balance between the solar radiation absorbed at the Earth’s surface and the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth into ...

We explore the structures and properties of stable, free-standing films of lyotropic mesophases drawn on apertures of various shapes in an atmosphere of controlled humidity. New phenomena are uncovered and interpreted.

Copper nanoparticles of porous, controlled structure were synthesized using the sacrificial support method (SSM). The precursor weight percent (wt%) of copper (Cu) and fumed silica (EH-5) was varied to determine the optimum ratio for this material. The precursors were reduced at i) 350°C in a 7% H2 atmosphere and ii) at 250°C in a 100% H2 atmosphere. The specific surface areas of the nanopartic...