distribution centers (dcs) play important role in maintaining the uninterrupted flow of goods and materials between the manufacturers and their customers.this paper proposes a mathematical model as the bi-objective capacitated multi-vehicle allocation of customers to distribution centers. an evolutionary algorithm named non-dominated sorting ant colony optimization (nsaco) is used as the optimi...

This paper analyzes the process of real economic convergence in the New Member States (NMS) bein g formerly centrally planned economies, using nonparametric methods instead of conventional parametric measurement tools like beta and sigma models. This methodological framework allows the examining of the relative income distribution in different periods of time, the number of modes of the density...

We discuss three forms of convergence in distribution which are stronger than the normal weak convergence. They have the advantage that they are non-topological in nature and are inherited by discontinuous functions of the original random variables—clearly an improvement on ‘normal’ weak convergence. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the three types of convergence and go on to giv...

Complex uncertain variables are measurable functions from an uncertainty space to the set of complex numbers and are used to model complex uncertain quantities. This paper introduces the convergence concepts of complex uncertain sequences: convergence almost surely (a.s.), convergence in measure, convergence in mean, convergence in distribution and convergence uniformly almost surely. In additi...

abstract in this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. the results show latin and south american countries (lsa) catching up process toward the usa failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. but in 2000s most of them could lie in convergenc...