There is mounting observational evidence from Chandra for strong interaction between keV gas and AGN in cooling flows. It is now widely accepted that the temperatures of cluster cores are maintained at a level of ∼ 1 keV and that the mass deposition rates are lower than earlier ROSAT/Einstein values. Recent theoretical results suggest that thermal conduction can be very efficient even in magnet...

Using the analytic estimates developed for the emittance diagnostic channel for the nal-stage cooling experiment, we conclude that diagnostics for both an initial-stage cooling experiment, and for the targetry experiment could be performed with a bent solenoid of 1.25 T eld strength. The solenoid bore would need to be at least 40 cm for either study. The targetry study is less demanding in accu...

in this paper, exergy of conditioned air, exergy efficiency, irreversibility, and entropy generation of common models of evaporative cooling have been investigated in five cities of iran. direct evaporative cooling (dec), indirect evaporative cooling (iec), and two-stage iec/dec as the most popular methods of cooling have been modeled. atmospheric conditions are considered as the dead state of ...

Confined aquifers are formations surrounded by impermeable layers called cap rocks and bed rocks. These aquifers are suitable for the seasonal storage of thermal energy. A confined aquifer was designed to meet the cooling and heating energy needs of a residential building complex located in Tehran, Iran. The annual cooling and heating energy needs of the buildings were estimated to be 8.7...

It is now clear that AGN heat cooling flows, largely by driving winds. The winds may contain a relativistic component that generates powerful synchrotron radiation, but it is not clear that all winds do so. The spatial and temporal stability of the AGN/cooling flow interaction are discussed. Collimation of the winds probably provides spatial stability. Temporal stability may be possible only fo...

NASA will need technology to cool detector systems to sub Kelvin temperatures for its future science program which includes missions such as the BLISS on SPICA, IXO, CMB-Pol, SPIRIT and SAFIR. Building on missions such as Spitzer, Planck, and ASTRO-E and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), new cooling technologies offer major advantages including long lifetimes, lower mass, and new capabilit...

The present study investigates the effectiveness of thermostat control strategy in cooling energy consumption in residential buildings. To evaluate the energy consumption, two scenarios including a residential zone with and without the thermostat control system are assumed. The TRNSYS software provides an efficient numerical tool to model and evaluate a cooling system. Furthermore, since solar-...

Flash-cooling of protein crystals is the best known method to effectively mitigate radiation damage in macromolecular crystallography. To prevent physical damage to crystals upon cooling, suitable cryoprotectants must usually be found, a process that is time-consuming and in some cases unsuccessful. A method is described to cool protein crystals in high-pressure helium gas without the need for ...

Effective cooling of data centers presents a dual challenge: increased cooling power to meet the ever increasing device heat loads, and the need for energy efficient cooling. Detailed analysis of the thermal and flow conditions within a data center are necessary for obtaining optimal design and operational parameters. This paper describes the application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ...