With the aim of reducing cost of electricity consumption and peak load reduction, tools requirement for better managing electricity consumption have become inevitable in recent years. Smart home has some equipment which are controllable and this ability is used for increasing comfort and minimizing electricity cost for residence. As a key component of smart home , Electric Vehicle(EV) ,increase...

Background: Cost effectiveness, the ratio of relative costs of a program to its desired outcomes, is one of the basic issues in various screening programs performed to detect opium abuse. This study aimed to find the cost-effectiveness of opiates abuse screening through urine analysis. Methods: A total number of 64698 individuals were selected and divided into to five distinct groups based on t...

rfid has lots of potential benefits for supply chain management; that`s why it has attracted many industry practitioners all around the world, especially in recent years. rfid is one of the key solutions that information technology has provided for industry. the main issue in implementing and also developing this unique technology in the supply chain management of every industry appears to be t...

information law is an emerging field of study which its subject-matter, aims and issues are under-developing and formulation. there are three main approaches to information law issues and challenges: one approach, maintains that information is free or must be free, second approach, based on propertization, extends property protections to information, and third one insists on the cost-benefit co...

Cost-effectiveness is one of the most morally important issues in global health. This claim will be surprising to many, since conversations about the ethics of global health usually focus on more traditional moral issues such as justice, equality, and freedom. While these issues are also important, they are often overshadowed by cost-effectiveness. In this note, I shall explain how this happens...

today, transportation of hazardous materials (i.e., hazmat) is a very important issue for researchersdue to the risk of this transit, which should be considered for development of industries and transportation.therefore, a model that is useful should consider the risk and damage to humanitarianand environmental issues due to transit of hazmat materials. by considering the related cost, thereali...

nowadays, economic load dispatch between generation units with least cost involved is one of the most important issues in utilizing power systems. in this paper, a new method i.e. water cycle algorithm (wca) which is similar to other intelligent algorithm and is based on swarm, is employed in order to solve the economic load dispatch problem between power plants. wca is used to solve complicate...