The future health costs associated with predicted climate change–related events such as hurricanes, heat waves, and floods are projected to be enormous. This article estimates the health costs associated with six climate change–related events that struck the United States between 2000 and 2009. The six case studies came from categories of climate change–related events projected to worsen with c...

this research aims to study the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company. the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company has been studied separately for materials, manpower, machinery, and whole of company. in this study, traditional method was used to collect quality costs and paf model was used to determine the components of ...

introduction. the assessment of learning needs is one of the basic stages in education which leads to a change in medical education curriculum. such assessment can be conducted based on different reasons. therefore it should be defined, and the methods of application of the findings must be analyzed. one of the known methods of need assessment is the analysis of the differences between the pres...

Menu costs, or price adjustment costs, refer to the total cost of changing the price of a product, which includes the physical cost of making the change as well as the managerial cost of making the price change decision. Prior work has presumed that online retailers face no menu costs, potentially leading to Bertrand competition and the Law of One Price. However, little empirical evidence exist...

Introduction: Nowadays, organizations working in dynamic and competitive environments have to change their processes from both the inside and outside of the organization. One of the most effective strategies for monitoring and controlling these changes is re-engineering. This study aimed to refine the collection and classification process of data through re-engineering. <...

this study aimed at identifying components of the household health costs.this study was a qualitative research conducted in two main phases. the first phase consisted of interviews with sample households selected in eight provinces of iran. they were to identify components of the household health costs. in the second phase, components were determined as direct, indirect and intangible based on ...