Successful treatment of gonorrhoea with cotri-moxazole* has now been reported by several workers who gave one tablet four times a day for 5 days, observed a failure rate of 38 per cent. of the 86 men followed. They claimed that in 45 per cent. of the failures a carrier state resulted which was detected by routine examination of Gram-stained smears in all cases after treatment; cultures were not...

Melioidosis is a serious community-acquired infection endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, and is particularly prevalent in northeast Thailand. The treatment of septicaemic melioidosis is problematic having not only a 40% fatality rate but also a 23% relapse rate after the completion of antibiotic therapy.[1,2] In Thailand, current treatment recommendations include administration o...

BACKGROUND Malaria is a public health problem in Uganda; affecting mainly women and children. Effective treatment has been hampered by over-diagnosis and over-treatment with anti-malarial drugs among patients presenting with fever. In order to understand the effect of drug pressure on sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in pregnancy, a sample of pregnant women presenting with fever in out...

OBJECTIVE To assess the 18-month field effectiveness on severe events of a pediatric package combining early HIV-diagnosis and targeted cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected children from age six-week before the antiretroviral era, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS Data from two consecutive prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission programs were compared: the ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame-...

Nocardia spp. are bacteria often implicated in pulmonary diseases and central nervous system infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. We report here the case of an immunocompromised woman presenting an insidious brain abcess initially treated as a cerebral stroke. Despite a cotrimoxazole and rifampicin treatment she did not improve. She died 3 month later after she stopped her trea...

UNLABELLED Two distinct and potentially deceitful cases of neurologic melioidosis are reported. Case 1: A 39-year-old alcoholic and uncontrolled diabetic male presented with cough, fever, and left focal seizures with secondary generalization. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan revealed a small peripherally enhancing subdural collection along the interhemispheric fissure suggestive o...

BACKGROUND Current (1999) World Health Organization guidelines recommend giving routine antibiotics (AB) for all children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), even if they have uncomplicated disease with no clinically obvious infections. We examined the evidence behind this recommendation. METHODS AND FINDINGS OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, GLOBAL-HEALTH, CINAHL, POPLINE, AFRICA-WIDE-NiPAD,...

OBJECTIVE To recommend a cost-effective approach for the management of acute male urethritis in the developing world, based on the findings of a theoretical study. METHODS A model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of three urethritis management strategies in a theoretical cohort of 1000 men with urethral syndrome. (1) All patients were treated with cefixime and doxycycline for go...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in clinical practice and empirical treatment is largely employed due to predictability of pathogens. However, variations in antibiotic sensitivity patterns do occur, and documentation is needed to inform local empirical therapy. The current edition of the Uganda Clinical Guidelines recommends amoxicillin or cotrimoxazole as choice drugs for e...

In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Cai et al present a follow-up study [1] to their previously published prospectively randomized cohort study in which female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) were followed clinically, but also investigated microbiologically at regular visits up to 1 year [2]. One group (A) was not treated, and the other group (B) was treated if ...