OBJECTIVE To address the predictability of injury from air bag activation by use of crash simulation software. METHODS Using current, validated crash simulation software, the effect of air bag activation on injury risk was assessed for the 6-year-old child, both restrained and unrestrained. Results were compared with those for adult occupants in similar crash scenarios. RESULTS For the unre...

One of the most important and meaningful tasks in traffic safety is to describe how traffic crash risk changes over time. Over the last 20 years, a lot of work has been done on this topic. However, with the recent introduction of latent class models for analyzing crash data, there is a need to examine how this new type of models could be used for longitudinal data analysis. Latent class models ...

This paper presents the approach and methodology of the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS), undertaken jointly by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The LTCCS is a study of a nationally-representative sample of serious and fatal heavy truck crashes occurring between 2001 and 2003. The data collected provides a detailed ...

In recent years the development and use of crash prediction models for roadway safety analyses have received substantial attention. These models, also known as Safety Performance Functions (SPFs), relate the expected crash frequency of roadway elements (intersections, road segments, on-ramps) to traffic volumes and other geometric and operational characteristics. A commonly practiced approach f...

The Event Data Recorders (EDRs), now being installed as standard equipment by several automakers, are increasingly being used as an independent measurement of crash severity, which avoids many of the difficulties of traditional crash reconstruction methods. Little has been published however about the accuracy of the data recorded by the current generation of EDRs in a real world collision. Prev...

Software projects collect and deduplicate vastly numerous crash reports from users to fix bugs efficiently. However, most existing automated methods have performance issues during large-scale clustering. We propose a rerankingbased crash report clustering method. Our method is a combination of two earlier methods. By computing similarity used in ReBucket for the crash reports that are highly si...

BACKGROUND Young and elderly drivers are reported to have markedly greater crash rates than drivers of other ages, but they travel less frequently and represent a minority of road users. Consequently, many crashes involving young or elderly drivers also involve drivers of middle age ranges who travel more frequently. PURPOSE To examine crash rates of young and elderly drivers, controlling for...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. The role of red cell distribution width (RDW) as a prognostic biomarker for outcome in TBI patients is unknown. Based on the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (CRASH) trial database, a prognosis calculator (CRASH) has been developed for outcome prediction in TBI. The objectives of this s...

We evaluated the impact of a variety of motorcycle crash related factors, including crash type, speed limit, highway type, demographics, alcohol involvement and helmet use, on the likelihood of being hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent injury severity and hospital resource utilization. Helmet use was found to have a strong protective effect on the likelihood of TBI acro...

car body lightening and crashworthiness are two important objectives of car design. due to their excellent performance, composite materials are extensively used in the car industries. in addition, reducing the weight of vehicle is effective in decreasing the fuel consumption. hat shape energy absorber is used in car’s doors for side impact protection. the aim of these numerical models and exper...