Different probiotic strains are incorporated into cultured-milk drinks by respective manufacturers with the common aim of providing health benefits to the consumers. Four common cultured-milk products (brands N, S, V and Y) were evaluated for their quality of probiotic strains used, based on the susceptibility of the probiotics to various pH levels simulated to mimic the gastrointestinal system...

Brands have a high impact on people's economic decisions. People may prefer products of brands even among almost identical products. Brands can be defined as cultural-based symbols, which promise certain advantages of a product. Recent studies suggest that the prefrontal cortex may be crucial for the processing of brand knowledge. The aim of this study was to examine the neural correlates of cu...

In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan. Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke. Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Higher concentration of Ni was detected i...

Brand typically plays a decisive role in influencing consumer purchases. This premise is particularly interesting in the case of an information technology (IT) product, such as a laptop computer, which is often composed of an amalgamation of electronic components (e.g., sound card, memory, and so on). Thus, an IT product is represented not only by the primary brand (also known as the host brand...

As the restaurant franchising industry increasingly diversifies its brands, it is pivotal for a firm to accurately assess the efficiency of brands within its franchise system. This research compares and contrasts the efficiency of different brands belonging to the same franchisor using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The samplewas drawn from three brands that are in operation under the same re...

This paper examines the mechanics of intertemporal information provision in dynastic governments. It has been suggested that “horizontal accountability,” i.e., a system of governance where cross-checking capabilities lie outside the executive branch, can ensure credible information transmission. The results here suggest a cautious approach to that view. Government is modelled as a dynastic sequ...

This technical note will first review the studies that were done for the Gun Test Facility (GTF) at SSRL, where a photoinjector similar to the one proposed for the LCLS is being tested. In Section 3 the maximum charge out of the gun for a single rf pulse is calculated. In Section 4, PARMELA simulations are used to track the beam from the gun to the end of the photoinjector. Finally in Section 5...

Classifiers that aim at doing credible predictions should rely on carefully elicited prior knowledge. Often this is not available so they should start learning from data in condition of near-ignorance. This paper shows empirically, on an agricultural data set, that established methods of classification do not always adhere to this principle. Traditional ways to represent prior ignorance are sho...

These days, most organisations use celebrity endorsement as a communication technique for inducing consumers' perception and attitude towards buying their products. This paper aims to examine celebrities' credibility on Globacom telecommunication products in Ilorin Metropolis. A total of 273 usable copies the questionnaire administered target respondents were returned. multi-stage sampling meth...