Choropleth maps are the most widely used map type for mapping rates, such as those involving disease, crime, and socioeconomic indicators. The essential step of choosing a geographic unit to map is often made in an ad hoc manner. Among the desirable characteristics of choropleth mapping units are high degree of resolution, homogeneity of population size, homogeneity of land area, observation of...

Courts in the United States do not recognize a formal “cultural defense” for criminal acts committed by defendants belonging to other cultures. This means that courts ostensibly do not take foreign cultural practices, customs, or beliefs into account in evaluating the guilt of individuals who break U.S. laws. Nonetheless, courts have repeatedly permitted cultural evidence to be introduced as an...

In Thailand, the entire Thai citizens are required to carry a national identity card. Therefore, a personal data of each person such as date of birth, weight, height, blood type, religion, occupation, registered address and individual photograph image are kept in the Central Registration Database Systems (CRDS) operated by the Department of Local Administration under the supervision of the Mini...

Environmental criminological theory is well-developed [1,2] but analytical techniques to explore and model crime incidents are lagging behind. Due to the emergence and accumulation of a wide range of environmental data [3], volunteered geographic information [4], unstructured textual information [5], and (big) statistical data [6], among others, it is of particular relevance to keep pace with t...

The analysis and understanding of spatial crime patterns is crucial for law enforcements to improve strategic and tactical decision-making. In this context, generalized linear models, such as count regressions, are commonly applied. These non-spatial models are challenged by spatial autocorrelation effects, contradicting fundamental model assumptions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is ...

In order to improve our knowledge of how jurors come to make decisions, psychologists and criminologists have developed the ‘mock juror’ paradigm. Here the details of a mock (or real) criminal event are presented to a group of individuals acting as though they are jurors deliberating a trial. A number of mock jury studies have considered both evidential information, such as how the alleged perp...

As the criminology of place becomes more refined, we become more inclined to put our knowledge into action. Police agencies and others concerned with the security industry have begun to use place-specific crime analyses, and then develop tailored responses to correct the problems of discrete locations. Often, these plans of action include the use of some type of situational crime prevention to ...

Over the past few years, metropolitan crime has fallen significantly in the United States while nonmetropolitan crime has continued to increase. This paper examines nonmetropolitan crime during the period 1977-1995, and describes its spatial dynamics and changing characteristics. The paper outlines standard economic, sociological, and regional science approaches to explaining geographical varia...

This paper presents the findings from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the links between crime and fear of crime, the social and built environment, and health and wellbeing. A pragmatic approach was employed, with iterative stages of searching and synthesis. This produced a holistic causal framework of pathways to guide future research. The framework emphasises that crime...