The probable lack of some arcs and nodes in the stochastic networks is considered in this paper, and its effect is shown as the arrival probability from a given source node to a given sink node. A discrete time Markov chain with an absorbing state is established in a directed acyclic network. Then, the probability of transition from the initial state to the absorbing state is computed. It is as...

Fine-grained marine sediments often contain gas bubbles that can cause many geotechnical problems. This soil has a composite structure with fitting within the saturated matrix. The cavity detrimental effect on stiffness and strength when they are filled undissolved only. be pore water due to “bubble flooding”. Bubble flooding beneficial undrained shear because it makes matrix partially drained ...