desired physical form of cities has been noticeable since the beginning of urbanization, from old patterns of early civilizations to the latest urbanism’s theories, which offered to build better cities. the opinions in recent decades have expressed that compact physical form of cities is a better form than sprawl form to achieve urban sustainability. the form of the city is the embodiment of it...

Using the rotating striped cylinder device previously employed for determination of the flicker response function with lower animals, corresponding measurements have been made with human observers. The curves based upon the relation between critical flash frequency and critical intensity for the signalling of the recognition of flicker have the properties of human flicker fusion data as obtaine...

This paper describes the contribution the analysis of visual design canmake to a critical reading of educational texts. Drawing on recent work on visual design, the paper analysesthe compositionof anewspaperadvertisementseeking responses to an educational report. It illustratestheway elementsof compositionwork topresenta particular reading path, constructing a hierarchy of meanings across the t...