Using niobium crucibles for melting phosphate and silicate glasses of various modifier oxide contents, therefore varying optical basicity (?), was found to result in dissolution rates niobate during melting. Because their high electronic polarizability, even small concentrations niobates are detectable the Raman spectra glasses. Even <1 mol% Nb2O5 can be identified, as independently confirmed b...

A survey done in 2007 of VR Artworks (Immersive Virtual Environments or VEs) showed that women have created the majority of these immersive works. While this may seem counter to popular ideas that the field has been dominated by men, it seems rather, that the truly unique works appear to emerge from a feminine approach. Such an approach seems well suited to immersive environments as it incorpor...

Ultralong Si3N4 nanowires (NWs) were successfully synthesized with size controlled in N2 gas by using an efficient method. The diameters of the Si3N4 NWs increased when the flow rate of N2 gas increased, with average diameters of 290 nm from flow rates of 100 ml/min, 343 nm from flow rates of 200 ml/min and 425 nm from flow rates of 400 ml/min. Young's modulus was found to rely strongly on the ...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been under intense investigations during the past two decades due to their unique physical and chemical properties; however, there is still no commonly accepted growth mechanism to describe the growth behavior of CNTs. Here, we propose a nano Czochralski (CZ) model which regards the catalytic growth of a CNT as a CZ process taking place on the nano scale. The main i...

This archaeological research aimed to investigate the authentic metalworking activities of Yodhawewa area and examine contemporary socio-economic movements based on discovered material culture. The entire work was carried out in 2018 a surface survey two excavations an about 201600m2 outskirts reservoir. C14 chronology confirms 1st-8th centuries activities, this obtained considerable artefacts ...