We evaluated dual-echo Dixon in-phase and out-of-phase (IP-OP), chemical shift imaging (CSI), and (1)H MRS (hydrogen MR spectroscopy) in estimating fat content (FC) in phantoms and in livers of mice. Phantoms were made according to the volume percentage of fat ranging from 0% to 100%. The three MR methods were performed to measure FC in phantoms and in livers of obese leptin-deficient (ob/ob), ...

Multi-carrier CDMA technology is a very attractive multiple access technique for next generation wireless communication systems. It combines the advantages of both Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for high data rate transmission. However, interference noise is considered as a major challenge for MC-CDMA systems and significantly affects ...

In cooperative relay networks, Channel State Information (CSI) is estimated at receiver. The estimated CSI is sent back to the relays through feedback link. This estimated CSI is often outdated due to feedback delay and the estimated outdated CSI is used for relay selection and detection which affects the performance of the system. The outage and error rate performance of the relay selection sc...

The performance of the cerebral state index (CSI) in reflecting different levels of isoflurane anaesthesia was evaluated in ten cats subjected to four end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (EtIso), each maintained for 15 minutes (0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, or 2.0% EtIso). The CSI, hemodynamic data, ocular reflexes, and eye position were recorded for each EtIso concentration. Pharmacodynamic analysis of CS...

This paper investigates several power allocation policies in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based cognitive radio networks under the different availability of inter-system channel state information (CSI) and the different capability of licensed primary users (PUs). Specifically, we deal with two types of PUs having different capabilities: a dumb (peak interference-power tolerable) P...

We study optimal and suboptimal decentralized estimators in wireless sensor networks over orthogonal multipleaccess fading channels in this paper. Considering multiple-bit quantization for digital transmission, we develop maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) with both known and unknown channel state information (CSI). When training symbols are available, we derive a MLE that is a special case o...

A receiver transforms correlated channel state information (CSI) to an uncorrelated sparse CSI vector by using a principal component analysis (PCA), and feeds it back to a transmitter. The PCA extracts essential information from the CSI without redundancy that arises from the highly correlated antennas. The transmitter then recovers the original CSI through the inverse transformation of the fee...

Conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), also known as phase-encoded (PE) chemical shift imaging (CSI), suffers from both low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the brain metabolites, as well as inflexible tradeoffs between acquisition time and spatial resolution. In addition, although CSI at higher main field strengths, e.g. 7 Tesla (T), offers improved SNR over clinical 1.5T ...

The high sensitivity of balanced ssfp (bssfp) sequences makes them important techniques in MRI and CSI. The high sensitivity, however, comes at the cost of banding artifacts in either the image domain (e.g., TrueFISP) or the spectral domain (e.g., bssfp-CSI [1]). Those artifacts can be eliminated using a constructive interference in the steady state (CISS) [2] technique. This, however, results ...

PURPOSE To determine the optimal method to correct air and tissue susceptibility differences in the head and neck to allow proton ((1)H) chemical shift imaging (CSI) to be performed at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shimming protocols (iterative, first-order, and second-order) and perfluorocarbon (PFC) pads were evaluated using water peak linewidth measurements obtained from single-voxel magnetic ...