This paper introduces a refinement of Misra’s Seuss logic, called Web Cube, that provides a model for programming and reasoning over web applications. It features black box composition of web services so that services offered by large systems, such as that of a back-end database, can be treated abstractly and consistently. It inherits the light weight feature of Seuss, which relies on an abstra...

User tasks play a pivotal role in visualization design and evaluation. However, the term ‘task’ is used ambiguously within the visualization community. In this article, we critically analyze the relevant literature and systematically compare definitions for ‘task’ and the usage of related terminology. In doing so, we identify a three-dimensional conceptual space of user tasks in visualization, ...

ToDo check if update: User tasks play a pivotal role in visualization design and evaluation. However, the term ‘task’ is used ambiguously within the visualization community. In this article, we critically analyze the relevant literature and systematically compare definitions for ‘task’ and the usage of related terminology. In doing so, we identify a threedimensional conceptual space of user tas...

User tasks play a pivotal role in visualization design and evaluation. However, the term ‘task’ is used ambiguously within the visualization community. In this article, we critically analyze the relevant literature and systematically compare definitions for ‘task’ and the usage of related terminology. In doing so, we identify a three-dimensional conceptual space of user tasks in visualization, ...

Cube pruning is a fast inexact method for generating the items of a beam decoder. In this paper, we show that cube pruning is essentially equivalent to A* search on a specific search space with specific heuristics. We use this insight to develop faster and exact variants of cube pruning.

an airlift-type activated sludge reactor using a sponge support medium was fed with wastewater containing 500 mg-n/l of nh4 +-n. in order to establish partial nitrification, the reactor was kept at 35°c. moreover, the reactor was started up with the nahco3 solution as an alkali agent to supply inorganic carbon for enhancement of partial nitrification. the partial nitrification was established d...

For isolated objects in complete darkness, retinal image size contributes to distance judgments even if the true object size is unknown. Here we show that the same is true under more natural conditions. On a wide beach we positioned a red cube at 10-20 m distance and then asked subjects to walk to it while blindfolded. Subjects never had a close view of the cube and were unaware that on separat...

In this work we give an approach to analyse a surface topology complexity inside a cube in the Marching Cube (MC) algorithm. The number of the isosurface intersections with the cube diagonals is used as the complexity criterion. In the case of the trilinear interpolation we have the cubic equation on the each cube diagonal and there is a possibility to find the coordinates of the three intersec...

An (n, a, b)-perfect double cube is a b × b × b sized n-ary periodic array containing all possible a × a × a sized n-ary array exactly once as subarray. A growing cube is an array whose cj × cj × cj sized prefix is an (nj, a, cj)-perfect double cube for j = 1, 2, . . ., where cj = n v/3 j , v = a 3 and n1 < n2 < · · ·. We construct the smallest possible perfect double cube (a 256×256×256 sized ...