Viroids and most viral satellites have small, noncoding, and highly structured RNA genomes. How they cause disease symptoms without encoding proteins and why they have characteristic secondary structures are two longstanding questions. Recent studies have shown that both viroids and satellites are capable of inducing RNA silencing, suggesting a possible role of this mechanism in the pathology a...

Identification of the determinants of pathogen reservoir potential is central to understand disease emergence. It has been proposed that host lifespan is one such determinant: short-lived hosts will invest less in costly defenses against pathogens, so that they will be more susceptible to infection, more competent as sources of infection and/or will sustain larger vector populations, thus being...

Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) is a solanaceous weed, armed with prickles on stems, leaves, petioles, and calyxes. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (26) and was introduced in the 1980s into Florida, where it thrives as a perennial, particularly in the southern part of the state (11). It has spread rapidly throughout Florida, now occurring on more than 405,000...

Recently, a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, named as CMV-209, was isolated from Glycine soja. In this study, symptom expression of CMV-209 was analyzed in detail in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing with that of CMV-Fny, which is a representative strain of CMV. Using infectious cDNA clones of CMV strains 209 and Fny, symptom expression of various pseudorecombinants between these two strain...

ABSTRACT We evaluated combinations of two strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) formulated with the carrier chitosan for the ability to induce growth promotion of tomato plants and resistance to infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each PGPR combination included GB03 (Bacillus subtilis) and one of the following PGPR strains: SE34 (B. pumilus), IN937a (B. amyloliquefaciens)...

The RNA replicase extracted from Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected plants has been used to characterize the cis-acting elements for RNA synthesis and the mechanism of RNA synthesis. Minus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro requires a structure named stem-loop C (SLC) that contains a clamped adenine motif. In vitro, there are several specific requirements for SLC recognition. We examined whether thes...

Abstract Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a tremendous threat to vegetables across the globe, including in Pakistan. The present work was conducted investigate genetic variability of CMV isolates infecting pea and spinach Pothwar region Serological-based surveys during 2016-2017 revealed 31.70% overall disease incidence from crops. Triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-E...

cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) is one of widely-spread viruses of plants with the broadest host range encompassing over 1200 species. one major limiting factor for detection of the virus is unavailability of the virus-specific antibodies especially in developing countries. recombinant dna technology facilitates antibody preparation without requiring special equipment. in this study, coat protein (...

Almost the whole of our evidence for the internal structure of the particles is derived from x-ray observations, particularly those of the high angle or intramolecular photographs. In contradistinction to the low angle photographs, the most striking feature is that the general appearance of the pattern is independent of the state of hydration. Most of the photographs have been taken from orient...