An immunosuppressed rat model was used to investigate the anti-Cryptosporidium parvum activity of sinefungin. In infected animals, oral sinefungin therapy resulted in a dose-related suppression of oocyst shedding, which correlated with oocyst disappearance from ileal sections. When administered prior to or on the day of oocyst challenge, sinefungin successfully prevented infection. These data s...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to determine whether the 'Fast-Track' referral system has changed the route by which patients present with colorectal cancer (CRC) and whether the route of presentation has any effect on clinical outcome. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CRC under the care of two consultant colorectal surgeons between April 2006 and December 2...

BACKGROUND Since the WHO's Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) there has been debate about the advisability of adopting comprehensive or selective PHC. Proponents of the latter argue that a more selective approach will enable interim gains while proponents of a comprehensive approach argue that it is needed to address the underlying causes of ill health and improve health outcomes...

Student discipline is one of the important factors to support success student learning and future plans for students in madrasas. BK teachers play an role as actor help students. This study aims determine efforts counseling at MAN 1 Padangsidimpuan improving discipline. The research approach used qualitative with a descriptive case type research. subjects were teachers, homeroom subject who tak...

Life in a social group increases the risk of disease transmission. To counteract this threat, social insects have evolved manifold antiparasite defenses, ranging from social exclusion of infected group members to intensive care. It is generally assumed that individuals performing hygienic behaviors risk infecting themselves, suggesting a high direct cost of helping. Our work instead indicates t...

The control of infection through hygiene has a long erratic history. Personal hygiene and handwashing was less appreciated in the past, since it was not known that invisible organisms could spread from apparently clean hands and surfaces. The role of a hygienic home environment received little attention until the 19th century. Since then, the modern tradition of hygiene has served us well, with...

introduction: attention to food safety and health at all stages from production to consumption is inevitable. inappropriate sanitary status of the food production, distribution and supply centers caused food-borne diseases. the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental health indicators of halva and tahini production centers in the city of ardakan in 2013. materials & methods: this is...