In this work, a tracer study on pore initiation in anodic alumina in oxalic acid was performed. Effects of some experimental parameters such as applied electrical potential, electrolyte composition and heat pretreatment were evaluated. Electrochemical and morphological experiments were performed using potentiostatic anodizing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Effe...

Electromagnetic radiation incident upon a perfect mirror induces a current density on the surface of the conducting material of the mirror. It is shown that this surface current density can be expressed directly in terms of the source current density, which generates the incident field, without evaluating the electric and magnetic fields first.

Discussions of the force on a charged particle outside a current-carrying wire often assume that the wire is electrically neutral. This problem explores how this assumption is not quite correct. We give solutions both in the lab frame and in the rest frame of the conduction electrons, using both Maxwell’s equations and special relativity. We note that for current to flow in a resistive wire, th...

We propose two ways of estimating current source density (CSD) from measurements of voltage on a Cartesian grid with missing recording points using the inverse CSD method. The simplest approach is to substitute local averages (LA) in place of missing data. A more elaborate alternative is to estimate a smaller number of CSD parameters than the actual number of recordings and to take the least-sq...

The charge-current density and two-photon operators consistent with a single-particle semi-relativistic Hamiltonian are derived within a suitable functional derivative formalism which preserves gauge invariance. An application to electron scattering is presented and results are compared with a fully relativistic case and the non-relativistic cases corrected through fourth order in M−1.

A time-dependent current-density-functional theory for many-particle systems in interaction with arbitrary external baths is developed. We prove that, given the initial quantum state |Psi0> and the particle-bath interaction operator, two external vector potentials A(r,t) and A'(r,t) that produce the same ensemble-averaged current density, j(r,t), must necessarily coincide up to a gauge transfor...

Electrochemical coating processes are significantly affected by applied magnetic fields due to the generation of electromagnetic forces. The present research work has been undertaken to study the effect of coating parameters such as current density and alumina concentration on the characteristics of Ni-Al2O3 composite coating under static magnetic field. Ni-Al2O3 composite coating was applied o...

Using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA), event-related current density was investigated in 14 patients with primary insomnia and 14 controls matched for age, gender and education level. All subjects were rated on the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Hyperarousal Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. They also completed the Selective Reminding ...

The use of electric current density imaging (CDI) to map spatial distribution of electric currents through tumors is presented. Specifically, a method previously tested on phantoms was implemented in vivo and in vitro for mapping electric current pulses of the same order of magnitude (j approximately 2500 A/m2) as in electrochemotherapy through T50/80 mammary carcinomas, B-16 melanomas and SA-1...

In the recent past, extensive studies were performed on nanoscale materials. In particular, bismuth nanowires attracted large interest because of their extraordinary properties and possible application in thermoelectric devices. Regarding future implementations, the maximal current density jmax nanowires are able to carry is an important aspect. High current densities can cause voids in the wir...