Introduction: Pervasive beliefs regarding curricular reformand integration have flourished among medical students, facultymembers and medical school administrators. These conceptshave extensively impacted the reform process, sometimes byresisting the reforms and sometimes by diverting the curriculumfrom its planned objectives. In the current paper, we have tried toaddress the challenges of inte...

Curriculum leadership is a crucial skill for school owners, principals, and lead teachers, as they are responsible designing what learned how it taught. To emphasize curriculum leadership, social forces play an indispensable role in reforming curriculum. As external factors, affect the entire teaching learning process at schools require leaders to be knowledgeable about society’s challenges tre...

BACKGROUND Major curriculum reform of undergraduate medical education occurred during the past decades in the United Kingdom (UK); however, the effects of the hidden curriculum, which influence the choice of primary care as a career, have not been sufficiently recognized. While Japan, where traditionally few institutions systematically foster primary care physicians and very few have truly embr...

Reform for “Quality Education” has taken place in Mainland China since the issue of “Summary of Reform and Development of Education in China” (1993). Despite the government’s intention to take care of all students, foster all-round development and promote students’ active learning, gaining high grades in examination remains the goal of learning for most students. Among other factors, the qualit...

This study examines academic staff’s perceptions of a university-wide, top-down curriculum reform in terms the management reform, support provided by university’s administration, ...