(1) Sn = S0 + n ∑ i=1 Xi When S0 = 0 the renewal process is an ordinary renewal process; when S0 is a nonnegative random variable the renewal process is a delayed renewal process. In either case, the individual terms Sn of this sequence are called renewals, or sometimes occurrences. With each renewal process is associated a renewal counting process N (t ) that tracks the total number of renewal...

We determine the impact of resource renewal on the lifetime of a forager that depletes its environment and starves if it wanders too long without eating. In the framework of a minimal starving random-walk model with resource renewal, there are three universal classes of behavior as a function of the renewal time. For sufficiently rapid renewal, foragers are immortal, while foragers have a finit...

This article describes the Key renewal theorem and the Blackwell’s renewaltheorem. These two limit theorems for renewal processes are equivalent but of different forms.They are particularly useful for characterizing the asymptotic behavior of a probabilisticquantity of interest in a renewal process. We present two applications of these limit theorems:the limiting distributions o...

Urbanization is one of the great challenges of our time and unchecked haphazard urbanization is a serious threat both to the environment and social and economic balance. In order to meet global sustainability targets, rapid urban growth must be channelled into environmentally friendly, sustainable and liveable urban environments. Thus, this special issue focuses on sustainable urban design whic...

The paper is dusted to an evaluation methodology for urban renewal plans. A central rol e is played by the concept of supply profil es of urban facilities. Urban renewal is considered to be a qualitative improvement of these profil es. Many urban renewal plans are characterized by the availability of soft (ordinal or qualitative) information. Therefore, the paper gives an overview óf soft muUi ...

The alternating renewal process is one of the renewal processes in renewal theory. It is widely used in inventory systems and queueing systems. In classical alternating renewal processes, one of the assumptions is that the on times and off times are independent random variables. The notion of a fuzzy set was introduced by Zadeh [1] who defined it as a generalized characteristic function. Recent...

The fast-paced changes of the Western world community require vocational education and training (VET) that meets future working-life needs for competence. One challenge in Norwegian health is lack up-to-date teacher competence welfare technology digital This article based on a case study how teachers programmes (HO) meet technology. research questions what can be changed VET with these new tech...

Renewal is defined as the recovery of an extinguished response when the contexts of extinction and recall differ. Prominent hippocampal activity during context-related extinction can predict renewal. Dopaminergic antagonism during extinction learning impaired extinction and reduced hippocampal activation, without affecting renewal. However, to what extent dopaminergic stimulation during extinct...

This paper addresses sources contributing to the differences in the degree of recovery from extinction observed with different renewal paradigms. In two lick suppression experiments with rats, we assessed the role of the associative status of the acquisition context in both the weakness of AAC renewal and the sometimes observed weaker renewal resulting from an ABC design relative to an ABA desi...