The literature has described the clinical aspects of the laminate veneer restoration; however, the laboratory preparation of these veneers has not been detailed This paper outlines a step-by-step laboratory technique for the construction of a commercially available laminate veneer, Mastique.® J_Jaminate veneers have been successfully used on patients with hypoplasia, tetracycline staining, fluo...

The Arapaima gigas scales play an important role in protecting this large Amazon basin fish against predators such as the piranha. They have a laminate composite structure composed of an external mineralized layer and internal lamellae with thickness of 50-60 μm each and composed of collagen fibers with ~1 μm diameter. The alignment of collagen fibers is consistent in each individual layer but ...

This article contains derivation of propagation factors and Fourier series for harmonically time varying, traveling electromagnetic fields in a plate and a laminate with rectangular cross sections, isotropic materials and infinite length. Different and quite general fields are taken into account on all boundaries. Choices of boundary conditions and continuity conditions are discussed. Certain c...

Composites show two distinctive features that affect the way in which they are optimized. Firstly, manufacturing strongly interacts with structural performance. Secondly, composites can be described at different scales. This article summarizes contributions that address both features. It is shown how design guidelines can be accounted for in laminate blended design through stacking sequence tab...

A new type of washer with integrated pin structures was developed and presented in a previous study for the use mechanical joints fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) metal sheets. Thereby, pin-structured significantly increases load-bearing capacity mechanically joined FRP-metal combinations. To do so, FRP hole area is to be relieved by transferring occurring loads into laminate via structures. In ...

1. Abstract The aim of this work is to perform hierarchical optimization [1] in laminated composite structures, considering simultaneously macroscopic and microscopic levels in the design of the structure and its material. In the macroscopic level, the optimization algorithm cares with orientations and fiber volume fractions of unidirectionally reinforced composite material layers. In the micro...

Structural optimization using computational tools has become a major research field in recent years. The paper deals with a sizing optimization analysis of laminated circular cylindrical shell. For thin-walled shells, the classical shell theory is capable of accurately predicting the shell behavior. The weight minimization subjected to displacement constraint within the numerical optimization o...

This clinical report describes the fabrication and bonding of porcelain laminate veneer restorations in a patient with anterior open spaces. Laminate veneer restorations made of feldspathic porcelain were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid, rinsed under tap water, ultrasonically cleaned with methanol, and primed with a chemically activated three-liquid silane bonding agent (Clearfil Porcelain Bon...

The design of laminate layups using a genetic algorithm function optimizer has been investigated using a generate-and-test evaluation function and the layup-synthesis rule-base from a knowledge based design system. A simple coding of plies to genes is shown to be applicable in each case when coupled with a penalty function that constrains genetic search to permissable layup candidates. Experime...

An innovative approach to glass fiber reinforcement in laminates promises to resolve existing challenges with mechanical, electrical, and performance characteristics typically encountered in today’s high tech printed circuit designs. This uniquely woven glass fabric is flatter and thinner, which results in a more uniform laminate for mechanical and laser drilling. Furthermore, special propertie...