Because microaspiration of contaminated supraglottic secretions past the endotracheal tube cuff is considered to be central in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, improved design of tracheal tubes with new cuff material and shape have reduced the size and number of folds, which together with the addition of suction ports above the cuff to drain pooled subglottic secretions leads to reduced aspiratio...

Dear Sir, In the April 1950 edition of your Journal, Dr. Esplen illustrated a metal anaesthetic screen for use in thoracotomies in the lateral position. I agree that such a screen is essential to maintain a good view of the patient's airway, and more particularly to facilitate bronchoscopy without disturbing the operative field should it become necessary during operation. Such a screen can well...

We investigate the cross-sectional buckling of multi-concentric tubular nanomaterials, which are called multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), using an analysis based on thin-shell theory. MWNTs under hydrostatic pressure experience radial buckling. As a result of this, different buckling modes are obtained depending on the inter-tube separation d as well as the number of constituent tubes N and...

This chapter describes a protocol for forming open endothelial tubes in vitro and quantifying their permeability to macromolecules. These tubes consist of confluent monolayers of human microvascular endothelial cells in perfused microfluidic collagen gels. The cylindrical geometry of the tubes mimics the shape of microvessels in vivo; it allows simultaneous and/or repeated measurements of perme...