Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder toward the kidney, is congenital and often familial. VUR is common in childhood, but its precise prevalence is uncertain. It is about 10–20% in children with antenatal hydronephrosis, 30% in siblings of patient with VUR and 30–40% in children with a proved urinary tract infection (UTI). Ultrasonography is a u...

In the 11 “Report on Carcinogens” of the United States National Toxicology Program [1], X-irradiation and ionizing irradiation were placed on the list of known human carcinogens. This fact caused at least some confusion in the United States and led to a statement by the Radiologic Society of North America. This discussion was set in motion by a report by Pierce and Preston in 2000 on “Radiation...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of preoperative CT voiding cystourethrography (CT-VCUG) using 16-multidetector computed tomography for female urethral diverticula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative CT-VCUG was performed in 15 consecutive patients who underwent urethral diverticulectomy from May 2004 to December 2012. The result of preoperative cystourethroscopy and surgical findi...

PURPOSE Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux, at cystography assessment, frequently present alterations in the lower urinary tract anatomy such as dilated posterior urethra, irregularity of the bladder wall and diverticula. However, the significance of these findings is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of these findings, their ...

PURPOSE To compare echocontrast cystosonography (ECS) using in-vivo agitated saline with fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography (MCU) in the detection and grading of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study of 25 children, who had MCU between 2007 and 2009. ECS was performed and findings documented prior to MCU. Baseline renal and bladder sonograms ...

OBJECTIVE To test the medical belief that the micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) be deferred four to six weeks after acute symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) because of the risk of falsely detecting vesicoureteric reflux if performed earlier. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional analytic study of preschool children with first time symptomatic UTI. RESULTS Of the 284 eligible children, 272 ...

BACKGROUND Imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. Although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the best and most accurate method for diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. VCUG is...

BACKGROUND Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) is the gold standard of detecting and grading the vesicoureteral reflux. Moreover, VCUG is a part of the standard review for infants and children with a urinary tract infection and urinary dysfunction. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to compare using oral midazolam in contrast to prescribing no sedative medication for voiding dysfunction in...