Proteases are a group of enzymes, found in all living organisms and are essential for the cell growth and differentiation. The proteases have wide applications in pharmaceutical, leather, laundry, food and waste processing industries. Their catalytic function is to hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins and break them down into polypeptides or free amino acids. The present study was aimed at isola...

Milk processing industries and distributors have problems with adulteration of liquid milk by the addition of bovine cheese whey. Recently, the detection of fraudulent manipulation of milk with whey has focused on the identification of glycomacropeptide (GMP). Current non-immunological methods to detect GMP in dairy products are expensive and time-consuming or have low sensitivity. In this stud...

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are clinically significant food-borne pathogens. However, there is a dearth of information on serotype prevalence and virulence gene distribution, data essential for the development of public health protection monitoring and control activities for the meat and dairy industries. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the pr...

One exciting area that has emerged through genetic analysis of the lactococci is the definition and practical application of gene systems that provide phage resistance to these industrially important bacteria. Naturally occurring phage-insensitive strains have been characterized and found to harbour multiple defence systems which can act at different points of the lytic cycle to prevent the suc...

Unlike the situation in monogastric species (Fuller et al., 1989), it has proven more difficult to predict with accuracy the amino acid (AA) requirements of ruminants for growth and milk production. The current NRC publications for dairy and beef cattle recognise this, and do not explicitly allow for diets to be balanced for essential (EAA) or limiting AA contents, except to recommend a ratio o...

Coordination of different business activities among units becomes vital as organizations pay much attention to their core activities. Thus, their fruitfulness constantly relies on their capacity to coordinate their internal and external activities in the supply chain outside their own boundaries. Giving consideration to these obvious reasons, this paper aims to investigate the determinants of s...

The public's concern for animal welfare is evolving and it is important to consider factors that are related to concern for animals and their use by humans. An online survey of 825 U.S. residents was conducted. Relationships between approval of animal uses and stated concern for animal welfare were examined. More than 90% of respondents reported that using animals for egg production, service or...

BACKGROUND Despite the proven relevance of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a spoilage microorganism in milk, fresh meats and refrigerated food products and the recognized potential of bacteriophages as sanitation agents, so far no phages specific for P. fluorescens isolates from dairy industry have been closely characterized in view of their lytic efficiency. Here we describe the isolation and chara...