The formal mathematical theory of fair division has a rich history dating back at least to Steinhaus in the 1940’s [Ste1, Ste2, Ste3, Ste4]. In recent work in this area, several general classes of errors have appeared along with confusion about the necessity and sufficiency of certain hypotheses. It is the purpose of this article to correct the scientific record and to point out with concrete e...

An open puzzle for climate-policy analysis is how policies could be made sensitive to climate change impacts spanning over centuries while keeping the shorterterm macroeconomic policies connected to the descriptive facts. We develop a tractable general-equilibrium model for climate-economy interactions with timedeclining pure discounting. The model resolves the puzzle: preferences over longterm...

F several centuries, the world, and particularly Europe has benefited from the great contributions brought about by Muslim physicians in the field of medicine. These contributions were not only based on technical skills but also on the role of eminent Muslim physicians in establishing medical ethics. Many prominent physicians of the Islamic civilization involved themselves with professional eth...

A well-developed theoretical literature - dating back at least to Nordhaus (1969) - has analyzed optimal patent policy design. We re-present the core trade-off of the Nordhaus model and highlight an empirical question which emerges from the Nordhaus framework as a key input into optimal patent policy design: namely, what is the elasticity of R&D investment with respect to the patent term? We th...

Bloom filters are a randomized data structure for membership queries dating back to 1970. Bloom filters sometimes give erroneous answers to queries, called false positives. Bloom analyzed the probability of such erroneous answers, called the false-positive rate, and Bloom’s analysis has appeared in many publications throughout the years. We show that Bloom’s analysis is incorrect and give a cor...

T here is an entire industry and research enterprise based around working out how to motivate people. But it is not only industry that benefits from it: the issue of teamwork and how to get people to cooperate effectively and enthusiastically has exercised leading scientists for well over a century, dating back at least to Louis Pasteur, who came to rely on effective teamwork after a small stro...

The history of radiocarbon dating through the 20th century is presented, focusing on the work of Willard F. Libby, who introduced radiocarbon dating in 1949, and its application during the following 50 years. Topics include an explanation of radiocarbon dating, by which the age of organic matter can be determined; difficulties Libby encountered in developing processes for accurate measurements;...

INTRODUCTION Despite recent breakthroughs in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic within South Africa, the transmission of the virus continues at alarmingly high rates. It is possible, with the use of phylogenetic methods, to uncover transmission events of HIV amongst local communities in order to identify factors that may contribute to the sustained transmission of the virus. The aim of thi...

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) lineages have been identified that are endemic to Bioko Island. The time the island formed offers a geological time scale calibration point for dating the most recent common ancestor of SIV. The Bioko viruses cover the whole range of SIV genetic diversity, and each Bioko SIV clade is most closely related to viruses circulating in hosts of the same genus on th...