Deodorization of vegetable oils may introduce potentially carcinogenic, as well genotoxic contaminants, generating health risks for consumers. However, the deodorization step refining process leads to formation 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). 3-MCPD has been classified carcinogenic humans by World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose this study was optimize recently updated oil treatme...

Ancient stamps are suffering from the destructive effects of different kinds inks that were prepared ingredients. Two Egyptian historical postage printed in blue and red printing evaluated examined for their composition using a light microscope, SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopic analyses. Mechanical, chemical, deacidification treatments done two stamps. Model made cotton pulp book house to sim...

Paper-based cultural heritage objects are subject to natural deterioration due to internal and external factors, that is, the presence of heavy metals, incorrect conservation, humidity, exposure of the artifacts to pollutants, light, and high temperatures. To contrast the decay of the original objects, it is necessary to study and apply innovative specific techniques, set up novel preservation ...

Viking Age archaeological wooden objects from the Oseberg find have undergone extensive chemical deterioration due to original conservation treatment, based on alum salts (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O), done in early 1900s. Today, artefacts are highly acidic (pH ? 2), fragile and wood has almost completely lost its structural integrity. This study is part of a wider research project methods for these finds,...

Copper pigments promote the deterioration of paper objects; hence, it has been problematic to paper conservation since many valuable historical manuscripts contain copper green pigments. In particular, verdigris yields relatively mobile copper ions that can cause a higher risk of degradation depending on the relative humidity of the storage conditions. Although several research studies have dem...

In the present paper, the elemental composition of wood ashes obtained by the combustion of wood in a fireplace was determined with the use of ICP-MS and ICP-OES techniques. Wood ashes may find a potential application as deacidifying agents and soil conditioners, since they contain calcium (in the form of CaCO(3) and CaO), potassium (in the form of K(2)SO(4) and K(2)CO(3)) and significant level...

Autophagy is a dynamic cell survival mechanism by which a double-membrane vesicle, or autophagosome, sequesters portions of the cytosol for delivery to the lysosome for recycling. This process can be inhibited using the antimalarial agent chloroquine (CQ), which impairs lysosomal function and prevents autophagosome turnover. Despite its activity, CQ is a relatively inadequate inhibitor that req...

Organic wood waste (sawdust, shavings, pieces of and bark), is widely used as a secondary raw material and, after composting, for soil fertilisation substrate production in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, urban landscaping rehabilitation degraded land. However, problematic to process that very dirty with soil. They have limited calorific value cannot be the R10 recovery land treatment bene...