BACKGROUND Inequality in adult health increased in Estonia during the transition period after 1991. We examined inequality in infant survival from 1992 to 2002. METHODS All 132 854 singleton live births reported to the Estonian Medical Birth Registry in 1992-2001 were linked to the Estonian Mortality Database. The effect of mother's education, nationality, marital status, and place of residen...

BACKGROUND We assessed the impact of education on long-term overall and cause-specific mortality among 6575 injecting drug users (IDUs) according to HIV status and introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS Community-based cohort study of IDUs recruited in three AIDS prevention centres (1987-1996). Causes of death were ascertained in clinical centres and Mortality R...

1 Using rare surnames we follow the socioeconomic status of initial groups of rich, middling, and poor in England from 1800 until 2011. We measure social status through wealth at death, education, and average age at death. Our method allows unbiased estimates of mobility rates. Mobility rates are much lower than conventionally estimated, even for recent generations. There is considerable persis...

A negative relation between schooling and health have been observed by social scientists. However, these associations may not necessarily represent a causal effect due to the presence of omitted variables or reverse causality from health to education. Taking advantage of a compulsory education reform in Taiwan, we attempt to identify the impact of education on health, as measured by mortality. ...

objective: trauma is a major health problem worldwide regardless of regional socioeconomic and healthcare status. as a leading cause of death, trauma results in severe socioeconomic damages, which could be highly prevented by optimal care. as nurses are the major professional groups involved in patient care, improvement of their knowledge and practical skill leads to more qualified healthcare s...