8oNicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) has antituberculous activity both in vivo and in vitro (Fox, 1951). In man its principal toxic effect, peripheral neuritis (Biehl & Vilter, 1954; Oestreicher, Dressler & Middlebrook, 1954), can be prevented by the concurrent administration of vitamin B. (pyridoxine) (Biehl & Vilter, 1954; Biehl & Nimitz, 1954). It is of interest to discover whether the spe...

Fusel alcohols are precursors and contributors to flavor and aroma compounds in fermented beverages, and some are under investigation as biofuels. The decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids is a key step in the Ehrlich pathway for fusel alcohol production. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five genes share sequence similarity with genes encoding thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent 2-oxo-acid decarboxylases (2O...

C4 photosynthesis involves a close collaboration of the C3 and C4 metabolic cycles across the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. This study investigated the coordination of C4 photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to two salinity (50 and 100mM NaCl) treatments and one shade (20% of full sunlight) treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency was probed by combining leaf gas-exchange measurements with...

Recent advances clarifying the pharmacology and interactions of irreversible nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors that have not been considered in depth lately are discussed. These new data elucidate aspects of enzyme inhibition and pharmacokinetic interactions involving amine oxidases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, aminotransferases (transaminases), and decarboxylases (carboxy-lyases) and the ...

Acid and base environmental stress responses were investigated in Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis AG174 cultures in buffered potassium-modified Luria broth were switched from pH 8.5 to pH 6.0 and recovered growth rapidly, whereas cultures switched from pH 6.0 to pH 8.5 showed a long lag time. Log-phase cultures at pH 6.0 survived 60 to 100% at pH 4.5, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <15%....

Sugar nucleotide–modifying enzymes of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase type use transient oxidation–reduction by a tightly bound nicotinamide cofactor as common strategy catalysis to promote diverse set reactions, including decarboxylation, single- or double-site epimerization, and dehydration. Although basic mechanistic principles have been worked out decades ago, finely tuned control r...