over the past 25 years, autonomy has been a popular focus for discussion and increasingly influential in foreign language educa- tion. most research is concentrated on learner autonomy, while teacher autonomy has been seriously neglected. recently, however, researchers and experts have realized that to enhance learner autonomy, we must enhance teacher autonomy (e.g., benson 2000; little 1995; l...

Services of ethics consultants are nowadays commonly used in such various spheres of life as engineering, public administration, business, law, health care, journalism, and scientific research. It has however been maintained that use of ethics consultants is incompatible with personal autonomy; in moral matters individuals should be allowed to make their own decisions. The problem this criticis...

The aim of this paper is to show that the conception of autonomy as second-order capacity, i.e. the capacity to reflect on and change our personal motivational structures, e.g. preferences and desires, should be of particular interest to the scholarly debate on empowerment. Two major implications of the conception are discerned to support this claim. Firstly, this conception of autonomy can hel...

The exercise of citizenship is today understood as a duty and as a right to be enjoyed within any educational context. Within the school, all of its protagonists are invited to exercise practices of citizenship. No one is excluded; even the less important parties have the right to participate in decisions that, for some reason, may have an influence on their academic life. The citizenship of th...

In order to evaluate the autonomy levels of Unmanned Platforms, A new hierarchical model for autonomy levels of unmanned platforms and a new evaluation method are provided. Firstly, human interface, situational awareness, environmental adaptation and decision-making of an unmanned platform are determined as four indicators applied to evaluate the autonomy levels. Secondly, evaluation method is ...