نتایج جستجو برای: defected grapheme

تعداد نتایج: 2269  

2003
Stanley F. Chen

In this work, we introduce several models for grapheme-tophoneme conversion: a conditional maximum entropy model, a joint maximum entropy n-gram model, and a joint maximum entropy n-gram model with syllabification. We examine the relative merits of conditional and joint models for this task, and find that joint models have many advantages. We show that the performance of our best model, the joi...

2011
Tara Gilliam Richard C. Wilson John A. Clark

In this paper we test several approaches to analysing grapheme codebook features for offline writer identification in medieval English scribal manuscripts. Current methods for selecting a codebook typically produce codebooks that perform no better than random grapheme selection, so our aim in this analysis is to identify potential methods of improving codebook selection. Three feature extractio...

Journal: :Cognitive neuropsychology 2016
Agnieszka B Janik McErlean Tirta Susilo Constantin Rezlescu Amy Bray Michael J Banissy

Synaesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which stimulation in one modality (e.g., audition) evokes a secondary percept not associated with the first (e.g., colour). Prior work has suggested links between synaesthesia and other neurodevelopmental conditions that are linked to altered social perception abilities. With this in mind, here we sought to examine social perception abilities in grapheme-col...

Journal: :Cognitive neuroscience 2017
Ben D Amsel Marta Kutas Seana Coulson

In grapheme-color synesthesia, seeing particular letters or numbers evokes the experience of specific colors. We investigate the brain's real-time processing of words in this population by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) from 15 grapheme-color synesthetes and 15 controls as they judged the validity of word pairs ('yellow banana' vs. 'blue banana') presented under high and low vi...

2015
Árni Gunnar Ásgeirsson Maria Nordfang Thomas Alrik Sørensen Mark W. Greenlee

Grapheme-color synesthesia is a condition where the perception of graphemes consistently and automatically evokes an experience of non-physical color. Many have studied how synesthesia affects the processing of achromatic graphemes, but less is known about the synesthetic processing of physically colored graphemes. Here, we investigated how the visual processing of colored letters is affected b...

Journal: :NeuroImage 2014
H. Melero Marcos Ríos-Lago A. Peña-Melián Juan Alvarez-Linera

Grapheme-color synesthetes experience consistent, automatic and idiosyncratic colors associated with specific letters and numbers. Frequently, these specific associations exhibit achromatic synesthetic qualities (e.g. white, black or gray). In this study, we have investigated for the first time the neural basis of achromatic synesthesias, their relationship to chromatic synesthesias and the ach...

2006
Paul J Moore

This report describes a method for grapheme to phoneme conversion using statistical models of pronunciation. The available techniques for this conversion are first described and examples of each are given. A baseline system which uses Hidden Markov Models to represent phonemes in English is described and evaluated. The results from the baseline system serve to replicate previous research and to...

Journal: :CoRR 2017
Tara N. Sainath Rohit Prabhavalkar Shankar Kumar Seungji Lee Anjuli Kannan David Rybach Vlad Schogol Patrick Nguyen Bo Li Yonghui Wu Zhifeng Chen Chung-Cheng Chiu

For decades, context-dependent phonemes have been the dominant sub-word unit for conventional acoustic modeling systems. This status quo has begun to be challenged recently by end-to-end models which seek to combine acoustic, pronunciation, and language model components into a single neural network. Such systems, which typically predict graphemes or words, simplify the recognition process since...

2001
Swathi Kiran Cynthia K. Thompson Naomi Hashimoto

A model-based treatment focused on improving grapheme to phoneme conversion as well as phoneme to grapheme conversion was implemented to train oral reading skills in two patients with severe oral reading and naming deficits. Initial assessment based on current cognitive neuropsychological models of naming indicated a deficit in the phonological output lexicon and in grapheme to phoneme conversi...

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