The increasing complexity of business and social settings has lead to innovation becoming a strategic imperative. The need for innovation in the quest for competitive advantage also means that firms must be dynamic and flexible. This is often achieved through collaborative arrangements such as alliances. Many organizations form alliances by leveraging their resources to gain access to the partn...

This paper compares two methods of prediction with expert advice, the Aggregating Algorithm and the Defensive Forecasting, in two different settings. The first setting is traditional, with a countable number of experts and a finite number of outcomes. Surprisingly, these two methods of fundamentally different origin lead to identical procedures. In the second setting the experts can give advice...

The performance of 326 collegiate football players attending the 2000 National Football League combine was studied to determine whether draft status could be predicted from performance measurements. The combine measured height and weight along with 9 performance tests: 225-lb bench press test, 10-yd dash, 20-yd dash, 40-yd dash, 20-yd proagility shuttle, 60-yd shuttle, 3-cone drill, broad jump,...

Interviews with 1st-year university students selected as high or low in either self-handicapping or defensive pessimism identified (a) personal perspectives on the nature of self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, (b) the perceived reasons why they engage in these strategies and the perceived advantages that follow from them, and (c) the extent to which ego goals and task goals mark their ap...

We present an "affirmation as perspective" model of how self-affirmations alleviate threat and defensiveness. Self-threats dominate the working self-concept, leading to a constricted self disproportionately influenced by the threat. Self-affirmations expand the size of the working self-concept, offering a broader perspective in which the threat appears more narrow and self-worth realigns with b...

Match-merging, or BY merging, is the most common merging technique used in SAS**. Yet, how it works is not always obvious. This tutorial shows many of the technique’s nuances and subtleties, gives examples of merges where even experienced programmers have been tripped up, and demonstrates defensive programming strategies.

There is a perception that engineers experience challenges in areas such as communication, conflict resolution, and leadership. Defensive routines are actions implemented as a result of being in an embarrassing or threatening situa‐ tion. This research uses a case study approach to measure whether defensive routines are more common in engineer‐ ing managers or non-engineering managers. Twenty-s...