Humans and other animals need to make inferences about their environment under constraints of limited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. However, most theories of inductive inferences model the human mind as a supercomputer like a Laplacean demon, equipped with unlimited time, knowledge, and computational capacities. In this article I review models of fast and frugal inference, that...

We discuss some of the choices that arise when one tries to make the idea of physical determinism more precise. Broadly speaking, ‘ontological’ notions of determinism are parameterized by one’s choice of mathematical ideology, whilst ‘epistemological’ notions of determinism are parameterized by the choice of an appropriate notion of computability. We present some simple examples to show that th...

can decipher, I think, what the argument is supposed to be. First, it is clear that Pritchard thinks that the original perceptual evidence for any everyday proposition does not constitute evidence against the skeptical hypothesis. The reason for such a conclusion is presumably the underdetermination principle, according to which one has good evidence for p only if one’s evidence for p is eviden...

When any organisation is exposed to pressure to change, this not only mobilises considerable anxie ties within the organisation but calls a variety of defensive operations into play. The work of Jaques (1955) and Menzies Lyth (1959, 1988) has demon strated that this can result in the central problem ceasing to be the focus of attention, with primitive defensive mechanisms (often of an obssesion...

We formulate an algebra of binary tem poral relations between events the number of occurrences of which is unknown but which are known to recur in time Onto logically we view the temporal domain of recurring events as a set of convex in tervals of unknown cardinality Thus an explicit declarative representation of time adequate to solve reasoning problems in volving recurring events indicates a ...

Light interacts differently with left and right handed three dimensional chiral objects, like helices, and this leads to the phenomenon known as optical activity. Here, by applying a polarization tomography, we show experimentally, for the first time in the visible domain, that chirality has a different optical manifestation for twisted planar nanostructured metallic objects acting as isolated ...

We theoretically derive and experimentally compare several different ways to access entropy production in a quantum process under feedback control. focus on bipartite system realizing an autonomous Maxwell's demon scheme reported by Najera-Santos et al. [Phys.~Rev.~Research 2, 032025(R) (2020)], where information encoded is consumed transfer heat from cold qubit hot cavity. By measuring individ...

1. introduction in epic narratives, heroes have a specific and key role in the processing of epic development. some heroes’ roles are based on the situation in which they have been created. thus, the epic narrator states their life journey from the beginning to the end in a vicissitude process. however, some heroes do not have a specific position in epic stories as they appear as a thunder in s...

Stewart Cohen’s (1984) New Evil Demon argument raises familiar and widely discussed concerns for reliabilist accounts of epistemic justification. A now standard response to this argument, initiated by Alvin Goldman (1988) and Ernest Sosa (1993; 2001), involves distinguishing different notions of justification. Juan Comesaña (2002; 2010) has recently and prominently claimed that his Indexical Re...

Quantum discord was proposed as an information theoretic measure of the “quantumness” of correlations. I show that discord determines the difference between the efficiency of quantum and classical Maxwell’s demons in extracting work from collections of correlated quantum systems. Information has an energetic value: It can be converted into work. Maxwell’s demon was introduced into thermodynamic...