Primary immune responses are thought to be induced by dendritic cells. To promote such responses, dendritic cells must be activated by exogenous agonists, such as LPS, or by products of activated leukocytes, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1. How dendritic cells might be activated in the absence of exogenous stimuli, or without the immediate presence of activated leukocytes, as might occur in immunity...

Tolerogenic dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment can inhibit the generation and maintenance of robust antitumor T cell responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of local delivery of CD40L by tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells on dendritic cell activation and antitumor T cell responses in the TRAMP model. To increase the immunostimulatory signal, CD40L was engineered, by deleting...

Dendritic cells are an important target in cancer immunotherapy based on their critical role in antigen presentation and response to tumor development. The capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate anti-tumor immunity has led investigators to use these cells to mediate anti-tumor responses in a number of clinical trials. However, these trials have had mixed results. The typical method for genera...

Abstract Introduction Many studies demonstrated that trauma-hemorrhage induces marked alterations in various immune functions. The trauma-hemorrhage-induced immunosuppression is associated with an increased susceptibility to subsequent sepsis, organ failure and mortality. Previous studies demonstrated that trauma-hemorrhage induces immunosuppression in both innate immune systems and adaptive im...

Natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells of the innate immune system that exert direct cytotoxic functions. Ubiquitously-expressed toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been recognized as one of the major components promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which may induce polarized immune responses beneficial to cancer immunotherapy. TLR-activated NK cells and DCs are prerequisite for robust ac...

Langerhans cells (LCs), residing in the epidermis, are able to induce potent immunogenic responses and also mediate immune tolerance. We propose that tolerogenic of LCs directed by signaling from epidermis involve counter-acting gene circuits coupled a core maturation module. base our analysis on recent genetic genomic findings facilitating understanding molecular mechanisms controlling these d...

Dendritic cells (DCs) progress through distinct maturational phases; immature DCs capture Ag while mature DCs are optimized for Ag presentation. Proper control of immunity requires regulated compartmentalization of MHC class II molecules. We report that DCs also regulate MHC class I trafficking throughout maturation. Although mature human DCs express high levels of surface MHC class I, immature...

objective: dendritic cells (dcs) are the most effective antigen-presenting cells with many applications. however, dcs can be generated in vitro by various methods from bone marrow cells, each with varying pros and cons. thus, we evaluated three different methods to generate dcs from mice bone marrow cells. materials and methods: bm cells from c57bl/6 mice were cultured in the presence of 1000 u...

Dendritic cells are considered the most influential antigen presenting cells in the body because of their unique role in initiating immunity against threatening antigens. Recent studies addressing the consequences of self-antigen presentation by dendritic cells revealed the unexpected ability of these antigen presenting cells to inhibit T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The specific mechanis...