Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested as a causal step in atherosclerosis, and both redox-active transition metal ions and superoxide (O2.-) have been implicated in this process. In order to determine the mechanisms of metal ion-dependent oxidation of LDL in the presence of O2.-, LDL was exposed to hypoxanthine (HX) and purified xanthine oxidase (XO) without...

OBJECTIVE Intensive as compared to mild statin therapy has been proven to be superior in improving cardiovascular outcome, whereas the effects of intensive statin therapy on inflammation and lipoprotein biomarkers are not well defined. METHODS This study assigned essential hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia to 6 months administration of mild (1 mg/day, n = 34) or intensive pitavastatin t...

Antioxidants have been proposed to have antiatherogenic potential by their inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Here, we report an antioxidant, BO-653 (2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2, 2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzofuran), designed to exhibit antioxidative potency comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol, but yet possess a high degree of lipophilicity comparable to that of probucol. ...

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from human plasma anticoagulated with EDTA (EDTA/LDL) was 4-fold more resistant to oxidation by reagent H2O2, as assayed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay, than LDL prepared from plasma anticoagulated with citrate (CDP/LDL). The LDLs required 1-3 mM H2O2 for maximal oxidation by this assay, and ED50S were 1.7 X 10(-3) M for EDTA/LDL and 4.5 X 10(-4) M...

To determine whether probucol's ability to confer antioxidant protection to low density lipoprotein (LDL) could be dissociated from its ability to lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 17 hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with either a standard dose, 1 g/day (4 tablets), or a low dose, 250 mg/day (1 tablet), of probucol for a 6-month period. Effects of therapy on lipoprotei...

Oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was found to be accompanied by the generation of various reactive aldehydes. One of them, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), was shown to modify LDL to a form which represents a good model of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). In order to investigate the epitopes newly formed on HNE-modified LDL, a polyvalent antiserum to HNE-LDL [anti-(HNE-LDL)] was raised in rabbits ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the influence of extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRP) versus placebo on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) antioxidant function, cholesterol efflux, apolipoprotein B100 (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, and mediators of vascular inflammation associated with 15% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Study patients had persist...

Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) has an important role in atherogenesis; however, the mechanisms underlying cell‑mediated LDL oxidation remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether native‑LDL induced lipid raft formation, in order to gain further insight into LDL oxidation. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that lipid rafts were aggregated or clustered in the membr...

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), formed in vivo from presently unknown reactions, may play a role in atherogenesis. In vitro, transition metals such as iron and copper will facilitate LDL oxidation, but these metals are unlikely to exist in free form in normal body fluids. We have explored the possibility that LDL oxidation may be promoted by heme, a physiologically ubiquitous, hydrophob...

Background. Data continue to accumulate supporting a proatherogenic role for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). Antioxidant micronutrients such as ascorbate, a-tocopherol, and beta carotene, levels of which can be favorably manipulated by dietary measures without side effects, could be a safe approach in inhibiting LDL oxidation. In fact, in vitro studies have shown that all three antio...